<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101</id><updated>2011-04-21T19:34:37.115-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sea_Language</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>104</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3507445821670675760</id><published>2008-09-30T06:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-30T06:59:19.041-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ionic Liquids in the Chemical Synthesis of Pharmaeuticals</title><content type='html'>Ionic liquids provide an alternative to certain solvents in select reactions used to synthesize intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although their physical and chemical properties seem unusual, ionic liquids are simply molten salts with melting points below 100 °C, not far from room temperature. With this technology, a liquid is available that consists entirely of ions making it different from all other “conventional” liquids. Most people are familiar with liquids that are neutral such as water or solvents such as ethanol or toluene. This relatively new class of chemicals with unique properties offers some very exciting opportunities in synthesis and chemical processing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids can be expected to be very different from those of typical “neutral” liquids. When ionic liquids were first studied extensively and articles published in the late 1990s, this small, but important difference, triggered huge interest and excitement in the academic world. Within a short time of their discovery, ionic liquids received enormous attention by academic and industrial communities. Mainly chemists pioneered work with these new materials (1). Their hope was that the ionic nature of ionic liquids would drastically change speed and selectivity of a variety of chemical reactions. Extensive work has been carried out in the past few years, which is probably best summarized in a book (Ionic Liquids in Synthesis) by Wasserscheid and Welton for which a second extended edition has been published (2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The key properties that set ionic liquids apart from other liquids include the following:&lt;br /&gt;• Existing as molten salts, in many cases even below room temperature&lt;br /&gt;• Highly polar &lt;br /&gt;• Often immiscible with organic solvents&lt;br /&gt;• Literally no vapor pressure&lt;br /&gt;• Nonflammable&lt;br /&gt;• Large liquidus range (typically &gt; 300 °C grade)&lt;br /&gt;• Electrically conducting&lt;br /&gt;• Remarkable dissolution properties (e.g., wood, cellulose, polyamides)&lt;br /&gt;• High thermostability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Commercial applications of ionic liquids&lt;br /&gt;The first commercial and large-scale application of ionic liquids was accomplished and reported by BASF in 2004 (3–9). The BASF “BASIL” process (i.e., BASIL is Biphasic Acid Scavenging utilizing Ionic Liquids) was introduced for the synthesis of alkoxyphenylphosphines, which are important raw materials for photoinitiators. HCl is formed during the synthesis of diethoxyphenylphosphine (see Figure 1). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 1: The synthesis of diethoxyphenylphosphine. Figure courtesy of BASF SE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scavenging with conventional tertiary amines results in a thick, nonstirable slurry that leads to lower yields and capacities because of insufficient mixing and heat transfer. The idea of BASF researchers was to use an ionic liquid precursor as an acid scavenger. This concept turned out to be successful with 1-methylimidazole. After the reaction with HCl, an ionic liquid is formed: 1-methyl-imidazolium chloride (Hmim Cl), which is a liquid at reaction temperature. Therefore, during the reaction, two clear liquid phases occur (see Figure 2) that can easily be separated. The upper phase is the pure product (no solvent is needed anymore); the lower phase is the pure ionic liquid. Hmim Cl can be switched on and off through simple protonation and deprotonation. This property is crucial for recycling and purification of the ionic liquids.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 2: The BASIL process. After the reaction, two clear liquid phases are obtained: the upper phase is the pure product, and the lower phase is  the ionic liquid 1-methyl-imidazolium chloride (Hmim Cl). Figure courtesy of BASF SE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The advantage of this process setup is even greater as 1-methylimidazole also acts as a nucleophilic catalyst with completion of the phosphorylation reaction in less than 1 s (10). Now, having eliminated the formation of solids and increased the reaction rate, new reactor concepts were possible. Instead of using a large vessel, the reaction could be carried out in a tiny jet reactor with the size of a human thumb (see Figure 3). Doing so, the process productivity could be increased by a factor of 8 x 104 to 690,000 kg m-3 h-1. At the end of 2004, BASF successfully started a dedicated BASIL plant using this jet-stream reactor technology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 3: The BASIL process is run in a small jet reactor that has a capacity of 690,000 kg m-3 h-1. Figure courtesy of BASF SE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition, the new process offers advantages in eco-efficiency. Recently, it was shown that the BASIL technology is by far more sustainable than the process using tertiary amines (11). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Further investigations revealed that BASIL is not restricted to phosphorylation chemistry but is a general solution to all kinds of acid-scavenging needs (3–9). Acylations and silylations have been investigated successfully as well as an elimination reaction. BASIL is also applicable to extractive acid removal from organic phases such as for the purpose of purification.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other applications of ionic liquids&lt;br /&gt;Applying ionic liquids in chemical reactions is not limited to acid scavenging. A strong effect of ionic liquids can be expected for all reactions with dipolar transition states. Many reactions have been studied, including:&lt;br /&gt;• Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution/addition&lt;br /&gt;• Acid catalysis, Friedel–Crafts–catalysis&lt;br /&gt;• Nitration&lt;br /&gt;• Halogenation&lt;br /&gt;• Diels–Alder and “ene” eeactions&lt;br /&gt;• Esterification&lt;br /&gt;• Michael additions&lt;br /&gt;• Mannich reactions&lt;br /&gt;• Oxidation and epoxidation (2).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, in a number of cases, the advantages of running the reaction in an ionic liquid compared with a classical solvent were small, not meeting anticipated high expectations or justifying extra expense. There are examples, however, as in the BASIL process, where ionic liquids offer valuable advantages. In those cases, there is a combination of improved speed or selectivity and advantages in chemical processing. There are four classes of chemical reactions where advantages are evident:&lt;br /&gt;• Nucleophilic substitutions&lt;br /&gt;• Acid and Friedel–Crafts–catalysis&lt;br /&gt;• High-temperature reactions (e.g., Rearrangement reactions, Diels–Alder, Heck couplings)&lt;br /&gt;• Oxidation and epoxidation&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nucleophilic substitutions. For nucleophilic substitutions, BASF surprisingly found that chlorination of alcohols can be achieved with high yields ( &gt; 98% just by using HCl gas if carried out in an ionic liquid (12). This reaction is typically done with phosgene, SOCl2, PCl3 or PCl5 in order to achieve sufficient conversion and selectivity. Ionic liquids are by far the superior solvent for these reactions because ether byproducts, which typically are the dead-ends of the reaction in classic solvents, are further cleaved in the ionic environment. This condition is supported by a publication from researchers at Eli Lilly who describe the demethylation of the usually very difficult to cleave aromatic methoxy ethers by using HCl in an ionic liquid (13). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acid catalysis. In the field of acid catalysis, the advantages of ionic liquids arise from the use of nonvolatile, liquid, and easy-to-separate catalysts. Moreover, very remarkable physicochemical properties can be achieved. One example is super acidity. With the system 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (EMIM) Al2Cl7 • HCl, H0-values on the Hammett acidity scale of approximately –15 can be achieved, which is comparable to the acidity of liquid HF (14–15). For comparison, 100% sulfuric acid has a H0 of –12.3, and 100% trifluoromethansulfonic acid has a H0 of –14.1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The superacidity is caused by the following equilibrium (see Figure 4) (14-15):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 4: Equilibrium of the 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (EMIM) Al2Cl7 • HCl. Figure courtesy of BASF SE &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Al2Cl7 absorbs the chloride anion of HCl gas so efficiently that a “naked“ superacidic proton is left over.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;High-temperature reactions. For high-temperature reactions, the advantage of ionic liquids as solvents is their high thermostability and nonvolatility. In many ionic liquids, reactions can be carried out in standard equipment at temperatures above 200 °C without the use of autoclaves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oxidation chemistry. A fourth very attractive field for ionic liquids is oxidation chemistry where suitable stable classical organic solvents are typically hard to find.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ionic liquids in separation technologies. &lt;br /&gt;Ionic liquids offer a huge potential in separation technology. They have, for example, the ability to break azeotropes and act as so-called entrainers (16-18). Many classical azeotropes such as ethanol/water or tetrohydrofuran/water can be broken by adding ionic liquids to the mixture as shown in Figure 5.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Figure 5: Equilibrium-phase diagram for the system of tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water. The solid line shows the classic azeotropic mixture. The dots indicate how the azeotrope has been broken after addition of the ionic liquid. The amount of THF in the vapor phase is always larger than in the liquid phase. Units are in molfraction of THF. Figure courtesy of BASF SE. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The advantage of an ionic liquid over a classic entrainer is that ionic liquids have no vapor pressure. This property means that the entrainer itself does not need to be distilled. A second separation column is not needed, and energy can be saved. A benchmark calculation reveals a savings potential of roughly 37% for energy costs and 22% for investment in equipment. BASF has run an extractive distillation process in a pilot plant continuously for three months. Although the ionic liquid faced a severe thermal treatment of about 250 °C in the recycling step, its performance fully remained without any purge. This underlines the high thermal stability of ionic liquids, and that very high recycling rates are possible without a decrease in performance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ionic liquids also exhibit remarkable extraction properties in liquid-liquid extractions (19). One example is the removal of phenols from reaction mixtures. The classic way of doing this is an extraction with caustic, acidification, and re-extraction of the phenol with an organic solvent plus subsequent distillation. This process is a multistep procedure, which includes generation of a wastewater stream. If other components are sensitive to high pHs, even some product decomposition and loss of yield could occur. BASF has found that acidic ionic liquids such as EMIM HSO4 are very efficient extractants for phenols. More than 95% of the phenol has been removed from an organic solvent in one-step extraction and more than 99.8% in a two-step extraction. Other components sensitive under basic conditions are not affected by the acidic ionic liquid. Also, the recycling procedure for the ionic liquid is relatively easy. It is a one-step distillation of phenol from the ionic liquid. The nonvolatile ionic liquid is left at the bottom, whereas the phenol distills off and can be reused. This is just a one-step workup without generation of any wastewater stream. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion&lt;br /&gt;The examples discussed in this article demonstrate that ionic liquids are no longer just laboratory curiosities, but have shown to bring commercial value in chemical synthesis and separation technology. They are available at large-scale quantities and can be handled successfully on an industrial scale in chemical processes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;References&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. M. Freemantle, “Designer Solvents: Ionic Liquids May Boost Clean Technology Development,” Chem. Eng. News 76  (13), 32–37 (1998). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. P. Wasserscheid and T. Welton, Eds., Ionic Liquids in Synthesis, (Wiley-VCH, 2nd edition Weinheim, Germany, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. BASF SE, “Method for the Separation of Acids from Chemical Reaction Mixtures by Means of Ionic Fluids," World Patent WO/2003/062171, Jul. 31, 2003.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.  BASF SE, “Method for the Separation of Acids from Chemical Reaction Mixtures by Means of Ionic Fluids,” World Patent WO/2003/062251, Jul. 31, 2003. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. BASF SE, “Method for Isolating Acids from Chemical Reaction Mixtures by Using 1-Alkylimidazoles,” World Patent WO2005/061416, Jul. 7, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. M. Maase, “Aus der Industrie Erstes technisches Verfahren mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten,” Chemie unserer Zeit, 38 (6) 434–435 (2004). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. M. Freemantle, “BASF’s Smart Ionic Liquid,” Chem. Eng. News 81 (13), 9 (2003).  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. K.R. Sed­don, “Ionic liquids: A Taste of the Future,” Nature Mater. 2 (6) 363–365 (2003). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. K.R. Seddon and R.D. Rogers, “Ionic Liquids: Solvents of the Future,” Science, 302 (5646) 792–793 (2003). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. J. Chojnowski, M. Cypryk, and W. Fortuniak, “The Extension of the Mechanistic Concept of the Nucleophilic Catalysis in the Silicon Chemistry to Some Reactions of the P(III) center: Analogies between Silylation and Phosphorylation,” Heteroatom. Chem. 2 (1), 63–70, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. M. Maase, “An Improved Way of Doing It,” presented at the 1st International Congress on Ionic Liquids, Salzburg, Austria, Jun. 20, 2005.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. BASF SE, “Method for Producing Haloalkanes From Alcohols,” World Patent WO/2005/026089, Mar. 24, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13. C.R. Schmid et al., “Demethylation of 4-Methoxyphenylbutyric Acid Using Molten Pyridinium Hydrochloride on Multikilogram Scale,” Org. Proc. Res. Dev 8 (4), 670–673 (2004).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14. G.P. Smith et. al. “Broensted Superacidity of Hydrochloric Acid in a Liquid Chloroaluminate: Aluminum Chloride-1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium Chloride (55.O m/o AlCl3), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111 (2), 525–530 (1989). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15. G.P. Smith et al., “Quantitative Study of the Acidity of Hydrogen Chloride in a Molten Chloroaluminate System (Aluminum Chloride/1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride) as a function of HCl Pressure and Melt composition (51.0–66.4 mol% AlCl3), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111 (14), 5075–5077 (1989). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16. BASF SE, “Ionic Liquids as Selective Additives for the Separation of Close-Boiling or Azeotropic Mixtures,” World Patent WO/2002 02/074718, Sept. 26, 2002. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17. C. Jork et al., “Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Phase Behavior of Aqueous Azeotropic Systems,” J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49 (4), 852–857 (2004). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18. BASF SE, “Ionic Liquids as Selective Additives for the Separation of Close-Boiling or Azeotropic Mixtures,” World Patent WO/2005/016484, Sept. 26, 2002.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19. BASF SE, “Method for Extracting Impurities Using Ionic Liquids,” World Patent WO/2005/019137, Mar. 3, 2005.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Matthias Maase, PhD, is with new business development for intermediates at BASF in North America.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3507445821670675760?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3507445821670675760/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3507445821670675760' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3507445821670675760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3507445821670675760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/09/ionic-liquids-in-chemical-synthesis-of.html' title='Ionic Liquids in the Chemical Synthesis of Pharmaeuticals'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3608472700252618277</id><published>2008-09-30T05:23:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-09-30T05:23:50.273-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Global Warming Fix? Carbon Dioxide Captured Directly From Air With Simple Machine</title><content type='html'>ScienceDaily (Sep. 30, 2008) — University of Calgary climate change scientist David Keith and his team are working to efficiently capture the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide directly from the air, using near-commercial technology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;See also: &lt;br /&gt;Earth &amp; Climate&lt;br /&gt;Air Quality &lt;br /&gt;Environmental Science &lt;br /&gt;Air Pollution &lt;br /&gt;Environmental Issues &lt;br /&gt;Energy and the Environment &lt;br /&gt;Global Warming &lt;br /&gt;Reference&lt;br /&gt;Fossil fuel &lt;br /&gt;Automobile emissions control &lt;br /&gt;Carbon dioxide sink &lt;br /&gt;Liquid nitrogen economy &lt;br /&gt;In research conducted at the U of C, Keith and a team of researchers showed it is possible to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) – the main greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming – using a relatively simple machine that can capture the trace amount of CO2 present in the air at any place on the planet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"At first thought, capturing CO2 from the air where it's at a concentration of 0.04 per cent seems absurd, when we are just starting to do cost-effective capture at power plants where CO2 produced is at a concentration of more than 10 per cent," says Keith, Canada Research Chair in Energy and Environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"But the thermodynamics suggests that air capture might only be a bit harder than capturing CO2 from power plants. We are trying to turn that theory into engineering reality."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The research is significant because air capture technology is the only way to capture CO2 emissions from transportation sources such as vehicles and airplanes. These so-called diffuse sources represent more than half of the greenhouse gases emitted on Earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The climate problem is too big to solve easily with the tools we have," notes Keith, director of the Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy's (ISEEE) Energy and Environmental Systems Group and a professor of chemical and petroleum engineering.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"While it's important to get started doing things we know how to do, like wind power nuclear power and 'regular' carbon capture and storage, it's also vital to start thinking about radical new ideas and approaches to solving this problem."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Energy-efficient and cost-effective air capture could play a valuable role in complementing other approaches for reducing emissions from the transportation sector, such as biofuels or electric vehicles, says David Layzell, ISEEE's Executive Director.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"David Keith and his team have developed a number of innovative ways to achieve the efficient capture of atmospheric carbon. That is a major step in advancing air capture as a solution to a very pressing problem," Layzell says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"David Keith's vision and originality are key factors in our ranking this year as the top engineering school in Canada for sustainability initiatives, both in terms of research and curriculum," says Elizabeth Cannon, Dean of the Schulich School of Engineering. "Leaders like this are not commonplace, and we are proud to get behind this kind of leadership at the Schulich School."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Air capture is different than the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology which is a key part of the Alberta and federal governments' strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CCS involves installing equipment at, for example, a coal-fired power plant to capture carbon dioxide produced during burning of the coal, and then pipelining this CO2 for permanent storage underground in a geological reservoir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Air capture, on the other hand, uses technology that can capture – no matter where the capture system is located – the CO2 that is present in ambient air everywhere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"A company could, in principle, contract with an oilsands plant near Fort McMurray to remove CO2 from the air and could build its air capture plant wherever it's cheapest – China, for example – and the same amount of CO2 would be removed," Keith says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Keith and his team showed they could capture CO2 directly from the air with less than 100 kilowatt-hours of electricity per tonne of carbon dioxide. Their custom-built tower was able to capture the equivalent of about 20 tonnes per year of CO2 on a single square metre of scrubbing material – the average amount of emissions that one person produces each year in the North American-wide economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This means that if you used electricity from a coal-fired power plant, for every unit of electricity you used to operate the capture machine, you'd be capturing 10 times as much CO2 as the power plant emitted making that much electricity," Keith says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The U of C team has devised a new way to apply a chemical process derived from the pulp and paper industry cut the energy cost of air capture in half, and has filed two provisional patents on their end-to-end air capture system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The technology is still in its early stage, Keith stresses. "It now looks like we could capture CO2 from the air with an energy demand comparable to that needed for CO2 capture from conventional power plants, although costs will certainly be higher and there are many pitfalls along the path to commercialization."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, the relatively simple, reliable and scalable technology that Keith and his team developed opens the door to building a commercial-scale plant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard Branson, head of Virgin Group, has offered a $25-million prize for anyone who can devise a system to remove the equivalent of one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide or more every year from the atmosphere for at least a decade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Technical details of the air capture technology are available at: http://www.ucalgary.ca/~keith/AirCapture.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3608472700252618277?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3608472700252618277/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3608472700252618277' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3608472700252618277'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3608472700252618277'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/09/global-warming-fix-carbon-dioxide.html' title='Global Warming Fix? Carbon Dioxide Captured Directly From Air With Simple Machine'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6352036491735765908</id><published>2008-07-07T11:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-07T11:49:20.817-07:00</updated><title type='text'>易中天先生给孩子报考大学志愿的原则</title><content type='html'>易中天努力在自己的家中为女儿营造一个最宽松最开明的小环境。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　女儿小的时候，他就只用商量的口吻跟女儿说话。孩子高三面临填报志愿，老爸提&lt;br /&gt;出指导性意见，具体的主意孩子自己拿。“我给她定了四项基本原则和一个三维坐标系：&lt;br /&gt;兴趣原则，你选的专业应该是你感兴趣的；&lt;br /&gt;优势原则，你选的专业是最能体现你的优势的；&lt;br /&gt;创造原则，这个专业毕业以后从事的工作应该是创造性的，而不是做简单重复劳动；&lt;br /&gt;利益原则，这个专业最好还是能挣钱的。&lt;br /&gt;三维坐标系就是：X轴——城市，Y轴——学校，Z轴——专业。把这个坐标系做出来以&lt;br /&gt;后，按照你可能的考分，在这个三维结构中找到一个结合点。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;为了让女儿更好地选择这个点，易中天花了半年时间，北京、上海、南京、广州跑了一&lt;br /&gt;圈，把她考虑范围内可能考上的学校全部实地考察一遍，“一家家拍成照片：宿舍，食&lt;br /&gt;堂，学生状态……另外，列出这些学校3年以内在福建省招生的排行榜，然后，所有资&lt;br /&gt;料摊在那儿，剩下的我不管，我做饭去了，她自己填。由于学校、专业都是她自己挑选&lt;br /&gt;的，所以她进了这个学校后每年都是一等奖学金，毕业的时候是上海市的优秀毕业生，&lt;br /&gt;她喜欢它、爱它呀。兴趣是最好的老师，爱是最大的动力。”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6352036491735765908?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6352036491735765908/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6352036491735765908' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6352036491735765908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6352036491735765908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/07/blog-post.html' title='易中天先生给孩子报考大学志愿的原则'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-164911688322728780</id><published>2008-06-21T04:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-21T04:03:02.910-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oucwShlqhTo&amp;hl=en"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/oucwShlqhTo&amp;hl=en" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="344"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;二泉映月 - Moon Reflected in The Spring 2008-06-06 18:29:23  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Listen to the music from a distance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who was he after dusk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Walked along the street with a Pipa on his back&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whiffs of autumn wind blew his black sleeves up and down&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the dim moonlight&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His thin shadow was on the slate path&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He tottered in the alley&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The winding road lead him to the end of a little bridge&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The silence in the surrounding country&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Candle lights dimly projected on windows &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The player wondered where his appreciator was&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One sigh after each turn-round&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only Reed Islet under the moon was in sight&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His music prolonged resoundingly in the wood&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The heart of the instrument trilled&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like the roaring wind through the pines&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also like the spring water gurgling   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The wilt soul of music was roaming about &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His living was intolerable to recall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The years pass and signs of human habitation remain&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His black hair of youth had changed to grey in the twinkle of the eye&lt;br /&gt;Miserably lonely, no relatives and friends in sight&lt;br /&gt;How to endure the muddy in the wind and rain&lt;br /&gt;But no complains on the glory and dishonour, ups and downs&lt;br /&gt;Only the strings dispelled his grief of parting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stand by at dawn and dusk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Accompanied him during misery and joy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the drinking zest, the lingering sound still fluttered&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Don't say his lofty aspiration was difficult to realize&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thousand of songs in his heart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All for the mountains and rivers in his hometown&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The heaven and earth are far and long-lasting&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But only human feelings are the longest&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our prayers go for the beacon-fire to stop all over the world&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joy and peace in each family&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No suffering year in and year out&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even he went away like a celestial crane&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Added one handful pure earth to the kind-heartedness&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such a feeling continues&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is aroma of orchids at the farthermost&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your music echoes in the running spring&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;二泉映月 曲：华彦钧（阿炳）词：王建 唱：石莉娟&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;听听琴声悠悠&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;是何人在黄昏后&lt;br /&gt;身背着琵琶沿街走&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;背着琵琶沿街走&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;阵阵秋风吹动着他的青衫袖&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;淡淡的月光&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;石板路上人影瘦&lt;br /&gt;步履遥遥出巷口&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;宛转又上小桥头&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;四野寂静&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;灯火微茫映画楼&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;操琴的人似问知音何处有&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一声低吟一回首&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;只见月照芦荻洲&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;只见月照芦荻洲&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;琴音绕丛林&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;琴心在颤抖&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;声声犹如松风吼&lt;br /&gt;又似泉水淙淙流&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;憔悴琴魂作漫游&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;平生事啊难回首&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;岁月消逝人烟留&lt;br /&gt;年少青丝转瞬已然变白头&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;苦伶仃,举目无亲友&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;风雨泥泞怎忍受&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;荣辱沉浮无怨尤&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;荣辱沉浮无怨尤&lt;br /&gt;惟有这琴弦解离愁&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;晨昏常相伴&lt;br /&gt;苦乐总相守&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;酒醒人散余韵悠&lt;br /&gt;酒醒人散余韵悠&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;莫说壮志难酬&lt;br /&gt;胸中歌千首&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;都为家乡山水留&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;天地悠悠, 唯情最长久&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;共祝愿, 五洲四海烽烟收&lt;br /&gt;家家笙歌奏, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;年年岁岁乐无忧&lt;br /&gt;年年岁岁乐无忧&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;纵然人似黄鹤&lt;br /&gt;一抔净土惠山丘&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;噢此情绵绵不休&lt;br /&gt;天涯芳草知音有&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你的琴声还伴着泉水流&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-164911688322728780?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/164911688322728780/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=164911688322728780' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/164911688322728780'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/164911688322728780'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/06/moon-reflected-in-spring-2008-06-06.html' title=''/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3949972684192107405</id><published>2008-06-21T03:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-21T03:46:09.370-07:00</updated><title type='text'>您永远是最安全的港湾</title><content type='html'>您永远是最安全的港湾/You Are Our Safest Harbor Forever (Ver. 2.01)&lt;br /&gt;-- 献给父亲/ -- For My Father&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;浪宽/WideWave &lt;br /&gt;Translation: Star-Night&lt;br /&gt;star.dash.night@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;您是 &lt;br /&gt;一条河 &lt;br /&gt;流转着岁月 &lt;br /&gt;诉说 &lt;br /&gt;四季的沧桑 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are &lt;br /&gt;A river &lt;br /&gt;Year in and year out &lt;br /&gt;Revealing the seasons' vicissitude &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;您是 &lt;br /&gt;一片海 &lt;br /&gt;擎起了太阳 &lt;br /&gt;放飞 &lt;br /&gt;天空的翅膀 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are &lt;br /&gt;A sea &lt;br /&gt;That raises the Sun &lt;br /&gt;And releases the wings of the Sky &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;您是 &lt;br /&gt;一座山 &lt;br /&gt;坚韧起脊梁 &lt;br /&gt;挺拔大地的芬芳 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You are &lt;br /&gt;A mountain &lt;br /&gt;With your tenacious backbone &lt;br /&gt;Straightening the fragrance of the Earth &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;朦胧时 &lt;br /&gt;您是那巍峨的峻岭 &lt;br /&gt;坐在您的肩头 &lt;br /&gt;总能看的很远、很远 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I was a little kid&lt;br /&gt;You were a majestic cliff &lt;br /&gt;Sitting on your shoulders &lt;br /&gt;I could always see scenes far, far away &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;长大时 &lt;br /&gt;您是一棵倔强的弯松 &lt;br /&gt;这才发现 &lt;br /&gt;我们的分量这样重，这样重 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After growing up &lt;br /&gt;I have realized that you are a stubborn curvy pine &lt;br /&gt;And discovered that &lt;br /&gt;Our weight was such heavy, so heavy &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;而现在 &lt;br /&gt;父亲啊 &lt;br /&gt;您是一首深沉的诗 &lt;br /&gt;儿女默默的读 &lt;br /&gt;泪轻轻的流…… &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But at present &lt;br /&gt;My father &lt;br /&gt;You are a profound poem &lt;br /&gt;With your children reading you in silence &lt;br /&gt;And shedding tears gently &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那风曾吹裂了山石 &lt;br /&gt;那雨曾锈蚀了钢铁 &lt;br /&gt;却不曾摧垮您那唯一的信念 &lt;br /&gt;-- 家人幸福 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The wind once cracked stones on mountains &lt;br /&gt;The rain once rusted iron and steel &lt;br /&gt;But they never demolished your sole faith &lt;br /&gt;--The happiness of our family &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;岁月已匆匆流逝 &lt;br /&gt;昔日强健的身躯 &lt;br /&gt;如今在风雨中，却不停地微颤 &lt;br /&gt;脚步也已不听使唤 &lt;br /&gt;眼睛早已被泪水俘虏 &lt;br /&gt;当我来到您的身边 &lt;br /&gt;扑到在您的怀中 &lt;br /&gt;看清了 , 我看清了 &lt;br /&gt;那是一张带着温恬的笑容 &lt;br /&gt;能够包容一切的面孔 &lt;br /&gt;那是一张需要 &lt;br /&gt;我们一生去感恩的面孔 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Time passes so quickly &lt;br /&gt;Gone is your strong stature of old days &lt;br /&gt;Now you cannot help trembling in wind or rain &lt;br /&gt;Your footsteps do not always follow your mind &lt;br /&gt;Your eyes are prisoners of your tears &lt;br /&gt;When I arrive at your side &lt;br /&gt;And throwing myself into your arms &lt;br /&gt;I can see clearly your warm and quiet smile &lt;br /&gt;And the face worth our gratitude for the whole life &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;忘不了，父子天伦嬉戏 &lt;br /&gt;忘不了，儿女夜归时，您额上的担忧 &lt;br /&gt;忘不了，您骑车载送我上学的背影 &lt;br /&gt;忘不了，您为儿女求医问药的多方奔走 …… &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Never will we forget, the happy time we shared &lt;br /&gt;Never will we forget, the worry on your forehead when we children returning &lt;br /&gt;late at the night &lt;br /&gt;Never will we forget, your carrying me to my school every day on your bike &lt;br /&gt;Never will we forget, your trying every means possible to seek for us medical &lt;br /&gt;help … … &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;春风化雨，您没有母亲的温柔 &lt;br /&gt;秋月朗明，您把柔情深藏心底 &lt;br /&gt;在您的羽翼下，我蠢蠢地，振翅欲飞 &lt;br /&gt;您陪伴我在世间风雨中激扬豪情 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the spring wind, you did not have the tender care as my mother offered &lt;br /&gt;But under the autumn moon, you concealed your supple affection deep in your &lt;br /&gt;heart &lt;br /&gt;Under your wings, I fluttered to learn to fly &lt;br /&gt;And you accompanied me to brave the world, in wind and rain &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;无论万水千山，即使风霜阅尽 &lt;br /&gt;鸟倦还巢之时，在儿女心中 &lt;br /&gt;您永远是最安全的港湾 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wherever we are, or even after experiencing all winds and frosts &lt;br /&gt;Even when all birds are tired and ready to return to their nests &lt;br /&gt;In the hearts of your children &lt;br /&gt;Forever you are our safest harbor&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3949972684192107405?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3949972684192107405/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3949972684192107405' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3949972684192107405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3949972684192107405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/06/blog-post.html' title='您永远是最安全的港湾'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-868908806913247210</id><published>2008-05-28T05:14:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-28T05:14:54.790-07:00</updated><title type='text'>中国已金融战败？石油离300美元每桶很近了!!</title><content type='html'>文章来源: 综合新闻 于 2008-05-28 00:10:55  &lt;br /&gt;敬请注意:新闻取自各大新闻媒体，新闻内容并不代表本网立场！  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 中国已金融战败？石油离300美元每桶很近了!! 综合新闻&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;作者:刘军洛&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;300美元一桶石油与金融霸权&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;什么叫金融霸权？什么叫食利者？什么叫美元全球化？如果您能正确掌握这几个基本常识，那么您就必然明白石油必然将很快上300美元/桶。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2001年中国GDP 11万亿人民币，上升至2007年今天GDP达23万亿元人民币，升幅在2倍。而石油价格从2001年25美元/桶，上升至2007年今天达到近100美元/桶，升幅在4倍。难道是中国需求推升了全球石油价格吗？想必这应该是不合理的说法。因为今天全球每年石油贸易交易300亿桶，中国才占不到1/30。所以如果您从金融霸权、食利者与美元全球化的角度来看这个问题，你会发现许多简单与许多中国人都应该面对的问题。几年前中国官方外汇储备达2000亿美元，石油价格在30美元/桶，中国可以购买近70亿桶石油。现在中国官方外汇储备是世界第一，达到1.4万亿美元,以今天石油价格100美元/桶计算,中国可以购买140亿桶石油。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那么就是这几年中国外汇官方储备的美元纸币数字增长了7倍，但是中国官方外汇储备的真实购买能力才增长2倍。那么这背后的巨大财富转移到了谁的手里？如果确实存在有计划、有目的的这种财富再转移。那么会不会出现未来中国官方外汇储备上升到惊人的2万亿美元，而石油的价格也上升到了300美元/桶。那样中国外汇储备可购买近70亿美元/桶。这样中国官方外汇储备十年内事实将是无增长。如果未来确实出现了这种情况，那中国参与全球化就是无私与博爱的世界慈善大使。近十年，中国向世界出口的每一件中国人民的血汗产品都是在向美国世界赠送。那么未来会不会出现石油300美元/桶这个价格，这个幕后巨大的金融世界黑手是不是存在。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1973年~1974年石油价格暴涨4倍 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1973年~1974年石油价格暴涨四倍。请中国许多主流经济学家们解释，他们会告诉你，这是因为以色列人发动了“赎罪日战争”所造成的。如果我们请当时的美国宏观战略制定者来解释，那么就是，因为二战后1945年建立的全球货币体系——布雷顿森林体系或金汇兑本位制，严重制约了当时美国建立世界货币权与资源权霸权目标。因为当时国际货币宪法就是，美国人没有黄金就不可以印美元。这样在1971年美国当时总统尼克松先生，终于撕毁布雷顿森林体系这部国际货币宪法，宣布美元与黄金的换购。尼克松先生提出了最符合美国货币权，资源权与华尔街食利者们的宪法，也就是今天的美元纸币本位制国际货币体系。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但是1971年尼克松提出的全球美元纸币本位制遭到了当时欧洲与日本的强烈反对。于是，美、欧、日关于美元纸币本位制与世界特别提款权之间展开了激烈的斗争，争吵到1973年，以色列人忽然让石油价格涨了四倍。这样欧洲人与日本人突然发现为了用美元购买非常昂贵的石油时，事实手中的美元并不多。所以为了冷战欧洲人与日本人，只能忍痛失去本身利益。这样全球货币史上最符合美国与世界食利者们的宪法，在石油大棒下诞生了。这就是为什么欧洲在冷战结束后摆脱一切阻力，全力建立了现在的欧元。甚至倒霉的科索沃地区，也在欧元建立前遭到了美国的军事手术。但是欧元顶住了任何的恐吓，诞生了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;因为欧洲人明白拥有货币权与资源权才是真正的财富。而另一个经济大国——日本，也在冷战结束后拼命无声地建立日元货币区。然而，最终的结果是当1997年日元贷款在东盟超过美元时，东盟遭到了美国对冲基金的冲杀。虽然日本在1997年东盟爆发危机后提出建立1千亿美元亚洲援助基金，大部分份额由日本人出。这个提议立刻遭到美国财政部与国际货币基金组织IMF的强力反对。日本最终是屈服了。所以世界货币权有许多故事，因为他是最终的财富力量。1973年以色列让石油暴涨的原因我们中国人如果不能明白，那么我们也必然不能明白，明天中国房价，全球石油、黄金与粮食价格还将强力暴涨。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今天的国际货币体系宪法，是美国用头脑与拳头建立的，正是有了这部美元纸币体位制的国际货币宪法，所以中国官方外汇储备必然是暴增再暴增，因为那是美国印刷机印刷出来的产品，你中国要多少，今天美国人就会给你多少。而全球石油与粮食价格必然是暴涨再暴涨。因为这些对中国今天而言已是“心脏”。还有设计1945年布雷顿森林体系的二个人，一个是美国人怀特，一个是英国人凯恩斯，最终凯恩斯被英国议员指责，损害了英国利益，而美国人怀特则被美国议员指责是共产党人。由此可见，1945年美国政治力量已经开始排斥黄金了。石油是种商品，还是美元的金融战略手段。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;为什么今天美国在中东投入了自己大部分军力，为什么美国新型能源研究经费占其能源总经费中不及1%，为什么今天美国汽车业燃料标準还在1985年的水平。要知道如果美国国会把美国1985年的汽车燃料标準提高20%，对美国汽车工业的成本才不过几百亿美元，这样石油人均用量十倍于中国的美国全球用量的减少将迅速再创造出全球又一个挪威国家的石油产量。那为什么美国要在中东投入上万亿元军备，而不肯出几百亿美元来节约石油。您知道吗？1973年，尼克松先生为了建立“美元纸币本位制”，这部美元权力利益的国际宪法，还停止了美国粮食出口。那么2005年小布什先生的?生物能源法案?，这个法案将在未来使美国很少有美国粮食出口到世界。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;请问中国人，小布什的?生物能源法案?是为了全球二氧化碳减排，为了全球环境，还是为了美国货币权，资源权与华尔街的食利者们。请每一个中国人知道，今天全球汽车工业在中国销售的汽车燃料标準要远低于在西方与日本的标準40%~60%。所有全球一切错综复杂的目标是什么？答案再简单不过了——财富。今天美国背负了几十万亿美元债务，中国这个本应该是世界大国的国家拥有几万亿美元储备，单中国官方就向世界借出了1.4万亿美元。中国是全球最大的债权国，想必你应该明白这个简单的计算问题了。石油价格下跌中国财富增加，石油价格上涨美国债务减少。所以21世纪的今天，石油价格会不会上演1973~1974的美元全球化的轻喜剧呢？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中美会冷战吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　今天许多中国人都很自豪，嫦娥升空，经济强劲增长，工资与福利大副上升，中产阶级队伍迅速扩大，外汇储备全球第一。但我们每个人身边都有一种主伴奏——涨啊涨。那么未来这种主伴奏会抱紧我们许多中国人的脖子，还是中国安然走向了世界大国。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　世界史是什么——文明的冲撞与霸权的争夺。哪一个新兴大国没有遭到老牌大国文化与军事的纠正。今天以地域与思想划分，欧、美、英、日是一大块，俄罗斯一块，中国一块。今天美国人口3亿，年递增250~280万；中国人口13亿，年递增800~1000万；俄罗斯人口每年递减在70~100万；欧盟人口在5亿。美国军费每年大约5000亿美元，中国军费每年大约500亿美元，俄罗斯每年大约300亿美元。目前中国经济规模是俄罗斯5倍。以中国人口因素推算中国20~30年将接近或超过美国经济规模，而俄罗斯500年都不可发生威胁到美国的经济规模。请问如果您是美国宏观战略目标制定者，会不会改变历史游戏规则，不对新兴的，威胁到自身地位的后起之秀进行文明或军事式的纠正吗？如果您为了美国货币权、资源权与华尔街食利者们的利益，您是选择俄罗斯这个再崛起老牌大国，还是中国这个新兴崛起大国呢？如果您选择文明手段，无非是发动文化、意识与金融攻击。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;想必所有的答案都很清楚与简单。或许有人会问，那为什么要到今天才发动金融攻击，为什么不再几年前就发动金融攻击。请问几年前中国大地是不是还有许多宝贵农田、森林、资源与水源。那么今天中国是不是已经是世界工厂，今天中国是不是要依靠世界资源来供养，今天中国是不是在全球高速跃进，没有货币权与资源权一个奇怪的巨龙呢？再请问每一个中国人，1990年冷战结束后，美国的二届总统，克林顿与小布什谁制裁过中国的贸易权。所以今天中国是全球贸易赢余第一大国，全球官方储备第一大国，那么这个中国今天的结构是不是美国冷战后主要战略目标，是不是美国冷战结束后，主要目标是中国？如果这个结论确认，那么美国用了近45年时间用军事恐吓政策，消灭了前苏联。而美国用近20年时间用美元纸币换取了大量中国资源。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今天在中国手中缺少资源的时候，石油到了近100美元/桶，那么明天将如何演变呢？是不是美国一直冷战思维主导全球控制。世界是很和平，人是很文明，然而在财富，在意识，在文化，在国家利益前，什么都会变化的。就像石油价格，笔者相信很快会到300美元/桶，因为这是民族、文化、意识与财富全球化问题。就像笔者在2001年强烈呼吁中国必须建立次级金本位人民币货币体系，建立中国全球货币与资源权。笔者在2001年提出未来的黄金价格至少3000美元/盎司，石油价格至少300美元/桶。当时2001年一句话就是——中国要么选择次级金本位，要么选择崩溃。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　次级金本位与新冷战 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　次级金本位——以黄金、石油、土地、森林、水源以及稀缺矿藏组合的人民币支付，储备与贸易需求的货币体系。一个货币体系的目标是什么——优化效率与优化配置。一个经济体系的财政目标是什么——公平分配。一个大国的目标是什么——全球货币权与资源权。那么2007年的今天中国货币目标、财政目标、全球目标建立了吗？请不要告诉大家住房市场化是提高中国的劳动生产率，请不要告诉大家资源市场化，让我们享受到了廉价中国煤炭产出的电力。难道一个国家的资源需要建立市场机制分配，而不是以一部货币宪法来分配。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今天我们60%的电力是为全球服务，而由这产生的100%环境破坏，资源破坏则是在为我们中国服务。今天我们建造的99%的大楼比西方发达国家能效低60%，建造这些不负责任大楼的人在中国是富甲一方。资源市场机制分配出来的中国私人利益集团，最终是给中国带来效率、民主与进步，还是最终的高消耗与贫富严重分化。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2001年笔者提出中国必须建立“次级金本位”人民币货币体系，必须建立中国资源货币宪法化，必须建立中国全球货币权与全球资源权，否则中国必然是被美元掏空资源，被美元恶化配置，被美元在国内建立强大的私人利益集团与强大的美元买办集团。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　今天美国人与IMF谈全球经常帐户失衡，而欧洲人谈环境货币建立。这二个看似不同的目标在全球的结果是什么，答案是——欧洲与美国希望石油价格暴涨。这个答案是再简单不过了，在今年6月笔者强烈呼吁中国必须认清美、欧、日已达成全球利益再分配的目标。经常帐户失衡最简单地转嫁就是美元贬值。而谈环境货币建立，而不谈提高新兴国家汽车燃料标準与西方一致，无非就是要求全球少用煤炭，多用石油。美元贬值必然是世界性通胀出现，必然推升石油通胀价格，环境货币的推出，必然是推高目前石油实际需求。如果确实是主要发达国家默认石油价格，那么石油价格将疯了。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　国与国之间的联盟必然只有利益，环境货币没有美国同意是不可能诞生的。欧洲是全球掌握最领先绿色能源的地区，未来环境货币的建立必然创造出全球十几万亿美元的绿色能源市场。而美国急需解决新兴大国的崛起问题。所以未来美元怎么走、全球石油、黄金与粮食价格怎么走，答案非常简单。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　如果单单只是石油价格上涨出现中国财富骤减，美国财富骤增这场荒唐闹剧，那么我们中国人都节约再节约，重新增加财富。只怕到时，石油到疯涨时，美国突然进入高利率与高赤字美元政策。要知道在1979年美国里根与沃尔克突然让美元进入高利率与高赤字美元政策。拉美地区一夜之间变成了美元帝国的长期金融奴隶。今天美国重量级人物格林斯潘出版的新书中，与笔者的观点一致认为美元未来会进入高利率政策。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那么1980是拉美地区变成美国金融奴隶，1990年前苏联被美国冷战解体，1990年日本被美国升值战打成长期通缩， 1997年东盟面对美国对冲基金是纷纷瘫痪。那么今天如果美国战略目标是让中国陷入石油、粮食与美元危机，那么中国就必然不是什么财富损失的问题，而是最终大量的中国高级技术人才大量被迫移民，而中国私人利益集团与美元买办集团则负责把中国巨额财富转移到美国。美国世界是人财两要，这个是故事会不会是必然的事实。你见过1990年冷战的苏联吗？那么请你看看未来的世界石油、黄金与粮食价格吧，这就叫做金融战争或者是新冷战。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中国的确本应是一个大国，但是我们有私人利益集团有美元买办集团，要知道美国今天房产市场最垃圾债券叫——次级债，最大的买主是中国人，那为什么中国不可拿出这巨额资本在中国建立“廉价租房基金”。要知道美国财政部最大债券购买者也是中国人，美国财政部拿出这笔巨额财富在中东驻军，在关岛建立最大美国军事核基地，你知道关岛在哪吗？全球主要发达国家石油储备在50亿桶，以100美元/桶计算，市值在5000亿桶。中国官方外汇储备在1.4万亿美元，事实是世界发达国家建立丰厚的石油储备，军备开支，研究经费都是建立在中国资本身上。还有世界主要发达国家拥有了几万吨黄金储备，中国只是1千吨黄金储备，不过中国确实有几万吨美元纸币储备。请问每一个中国人最终是西方主要发达国家以文明的方式保障中国人的财富，还是让石油、粮食与黄金疯了再疯以食利者身份“善待”中国财富呢？次级金本位是中国建立世界货币权与资源权的唯一途径，也是唯一可以对抗全球食利者们在美元纸币本位制国际宪法下的冷战思维，也是消灭本土私人利益集团的重要宪法保障。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　制造业大国误国 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　我们某些主流一直把美国最先进的百年理论——市场经济贩卖到中国大地。一直谈论——市场经济是利益多元化，不可能像计划经济那样利益一元化，不会出现任何利益集团存在。当然美国人、英国人必然会倾力淳淳教导每一个中国人要建立市场经济，要建立全球贸易，要建立开放再开放的金融与实体机制。但是英国人会告诉你中国人，在第一次世界大战之前，1910年就开始放弃国内非常丰富的煤炭资源，而发动全民族力量向世界索取每一滴石油的战略了吗？美国人会告诉你中国人，在二战结束后，就开始在中东建立以色列这个中东强大的盟友，以军事手段在中东建立了自己的石油基地吗？美国人资本史几百年了，今天美国的阿拉斯加地区石油储藏有几万亿美元，美国人开采过吗？当然，美国人会很优雅地告诉中国主流经济学家们，我们美国人是环境至上主义者，我们需要保护阿拉斯加环境资源。然后中国主流经济学家们立刻回来大声告诉每一个中国人——资源市场化，所有的一切市场化。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　所有的工业化强国都是在国内资源获得保障、世界资源权获得军事安全保障情况下，再去大谈世界公平贸易，开放再开放与全部再全部市场化，中国资源不去建立货币宪法化保障，我们去谈西方的理论，请问每一个中国人，今天中国市场没有了主流经济学家们在中国贩卖美国市场学说中下的定义——市场经济下没有利益集团呢？抱歉，今天美国也有利益集团，只不过他们是全球化利益集团。当然，中国也必定是中国本土利益集团。笔者反对计划经济，反对强行推行市场经济所必然制造出了的中国本土私人利益集团。中国必须建立资源货币宪法下的市场经济，中国必须建立中国资源下每一个中国人公平与公正。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　华盛顿的好莱坞悲情剧还将一遍一遍地上演著。1973年~1974年石油价格上涨四倍，尼克松先生一边呼吁石油价格下来，一边建立了有史以来最符合美国利益、最保障华尔街食利者的美元纸币本位制国际宪法。今天美国华盛顿又上演著美国次级债救火行动。而西方主要发达国家仓库里的石油与黄金储备在次级债中暴涨了上万亿美元利润。美国世界的几十万亿美元债务在美国次级债中不停地不见了。而在美国的好莱坞悲情剧——次级债中，中国大地面对的是近100美元/桶石油与手中的债权也不停的不见了。一个没有世界货币权与资源权的制造业大国，会不会在华盛顿未来的悲情剧中面对全球石油、食物与黄金涨啊涨。华盛顿必然会呼吸全世界爱好和平的人民节约石油与粮食。而华尔街的食利者已经开始了在地下室的世纪狂欢之夜。2001年至今，笔者不停谈论中国主流经济学家们为什么一边交杯换盏，一边只把杭州当汴州。当中国主流经济学家们全力把中国打造成世界工厂时，每一个中国人也必然开始面对——石油与粮食的洗礼与再造。这就是美元全球化，这就是金融霸权，这就是食利者的游戏，中国懂吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2001年石油25美元/桶，黄金250美元/盎司，笔者到处艰辛再艰辛的在中国大地到处推销中国必须全力建立——次级金本位，否则中国未来就是崩溃，这是一场新殖民化的金融掠夺与新冷战。艰辛再艰辛的写了七年，在今年6月开博，希望以多种方式强烈呼吁国人，中国已经金融战败，全球石油、粮食与黄金价格将强烈上涨，美元货币将强烈暴跌……。短短四个月，石油从65美元/桶上升至今天近100美元/桶。黄金从650美元/盎司上涨到今天800美元/盎司，全球粮食是疯涨再疯涨，美元货币是暴跌再暴跌；短短四个月，我的母亲与夫人也从中国近十年可爱的人被今天中国主流媒体全力描绘成中国最险恶的人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;石油与粮食正在向每一个中国人走过来，石油与粮食将抱紧再抱紧每一个中国人的脖子。我与家人前进道路必然有风暴，有毒蛇，有陷阱。但也有中国的正义力量的友情。我在开博时，已经写了我会写下去的，只是委屈了母亲与夫人将会为我受苦。中国人的民族历史没有一次对外部势力进行过一次对等与齐心较量的机会，我们有岳飞，林则徐与袁崇焕，但是也有秦桧……。我时常把爷爷的诗放在身上，这是我永远的支柱《带镣行》——带镣长街行，蹒跚复蹒跚。市人争瞩目，我心无愧怍。带镣长街行，镣声和铿锵。市人皆惊讶，我心自安详。带镣长街行，志气愈轩昂。拼作阶下囚，工农齐解放。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　手中的笔写下去，只要主义真，写下去……。因为我的祖国您需要石油、粮食与黄金，您需要民富才国强的资源货币宪法化与保障公共福利化经济增长模式。您应该永远永远地拒绝，没有世界资源权与货币权的世界制造工厂模式，您应该永远永远地拒绝美元纸币全球化的世界金融循环体系。您可以有自己的世界货币权与资源权，我的祖国，您应该消灭保障私人利益集团与全球食利者们的全盘市场化的宪法。写下去，虽然风暴更大了，写下去，因为石油上300美元/桶离我的祖国很近、很近了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-868908806913247210?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/868908806913247210/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=868908806913247210' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/868908806913247210'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/868908806913247210'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/05/300.html' title='中国已金融战败？石油离300美元每桶很近了!!'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-7241879862812252729</id><published>2008-05-25T05:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-25T05:03:20.162-07:00</updated><title type='text'>美国人的生意经才是全球粮荒罪魁祸首！</title><content type='html'>中文媒体:  Local Access打往中国电话卡1.3￠/分种 &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt; 文章来源: 凤凰网 于 2008-05-25 00:42:48  &lt;br /&gt;敬请注意:新闻取自各大新闻媒体，新闻内容并不代表本网立场！  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 中文媒体:美国人的生意经才是全球粮荒罪魁祸首！ 凤凰网&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(作者: shiwang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“美国生意经”制造全球“粮荒”？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　4月16日，在菲律宾首都马尼拉，一对母子在国家粮食署销售点把刚刚购买的低价大米装进口袋。据当地媒体当日报道，面对国际市场大米价格大幅上涨的局面，菲律宾政府决定在两周内实行一项限购低价米的政策。菲国家粮食署将不再向市场投放每公斤18.25比索（约合0.45美元）的低价大米，而是改由粮食署在各区市公共场所设立大米直销点等新的销售渠道，直接向贫困家庭销售政府补贴的大米，以保障贫困人口的口粮供应。届时，贫困家庭将凭借政府颁发的“购粮卡”购买这种低价大米。新华社记者刘华摄 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中国日报网站环球在线消息:2007年以来，世界粮价飞涨，创下20年来新高。先是小麦价格飞涨112%，玉米上扬47.3%，随即大豆价格攀高，之后还有大米……与之相伴的，是多个国家的粮食恐慌和随之而来的骚乱。 &lt;br /&gt;　　 &lt;br /&gt;而在美国密西西比河畔的艾奥瓦州──全美玉米种植面积最大和出口最多的州之一，从事农业35年的约翰逊，今年却不再把成熟的玉米送到密西西比河的谷物收购站以供出口，而是选择了把玉米卖给几公里外的乙醇提炼工厂。因为这样他可以赚到更多的钱──每蒲式耳5.5美元（1蒲式耳合25.4公斤），比2年前翻了两倍还多。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　“谷物价格现在直接与石油价格挂鉤了。”华盛顿的地球政策研究所所长莱斯特特布朗如是说。人们已经意识到，石油在抢夺粮食，而美国大量使用玉米制造生物燃料乙醇，破坏了原有的供需关系，进而推动了世界粮食价格的上涨。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　要了解美国人在“粮荒”背后的生意经，先让我们将镜头拉回到艾奥瓦州。在那里，现有28个乙醇加工厂，消费着全州玉米产量的1/4，还将使艾奥瓦州的玉米出口在未来几年至少缩减一半。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　艾奥瓦州是美国的缩影，美国玉米产量的1/4用于生产乙醇，而在2008年美国的玉米出口将减少48%。不要小看这一比例，要知道，美国玉米出口占到世界玉米出口总量的75%。同时，由于玉米涨价更快，大批美国农民放弃种植大豆而改种玉米，美国大豆播种面积大幅减少15.6%。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2007年美国玉米种植面积估计高达9360万英亩（1英亩约合0.4公顷），创下1944年以来的新高，而玉米产量为125亿蒲式耳。但市场分析人士称，尽管产量创下新高，但玉米价格仍有望升至创纪录的每蒲式耳3.5~3.6美元。种植面积扩大，而价格却继续上升，玉米价格与传统农产品的价格规律完全背道而驰。这一切，都源自美国能源战略的调整。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　早在汽车诞生之后不久，福特汽车就曾尝试使用乙醇燃料。由于乙醇做燃料在动力上远不如石油，而且成本高昂，所以很快就被放弃了。但美国一直没有放弃对乙醇燃料的研究，目前美国是世界上第一大生物能源生产国，使用的原料主要是玉米（巴西排名第二，但巴西生产生物乙醇的主要原料是甘蔗）。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　其实用粮食做乙醇并不是一项新发明。这项有着千年历史，在古希腊酿造了酒神精神，在中国演绎着红高粱传奇的酿酒工艺，是如何在21世纪成为新能源先驱的，只要看看发疯的油价就明白了。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　玉米做乙醇，值吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中国国家发改委能源研究所研究员王仲颖对《环球》杂志记者表示:“2005年美国年生产生物燃料乙醇为42亿加崙（1加崙约为3.785升），2007年为80亿加崙，可替代美国2%的石油使用量。”为了这2%的石油，导致全球粮价上涨，让全世界为粮价感到恐慌和忧虑，这样的代价值得吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　对美国商人来说，这是很值得的。据王仲颖介绍，按目前的生产技术，1蒲式耳玉米大约可以制造2.7加崙乙醇，那么80亿加崙的乙醇就需要29.6亿蒲式耳玉米，而美国的玉米年产量为120亿蒲式耳左右，目前做乙醇的玉米为美国玉米总产量的1/4。随着未来几年乙醇燃料的增加，美国审计总署说，今后5年里美国将有1/3的玉米用于生产乙醇。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中国现代国际关系研究院世界经济研究所所长陈凤英在向《环球》杂志介绍玉米做乙醇的成本时说:“玉米做乙醇在油价为50美元一桶的时候，可以收回成本。”而当前的油价是100美元以上，玉米做乙醇的利润相当可观。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　100美元一桶，一桶相当于42加崙，也就是一加崙石油为2.38美元。据美国农业部首席经济学家凯斯斯柯林斯估计，现在美国用玉米生产乙醇的成本为每加崙1.60美元。乙醇生产商在批发市场上出售他们的产品，有时卖给炼油厂，有时卖给中间商再转卖给炼油厂。乙醇价格一般会随汽油价格的涨落而起伏，而汽油价格又会随国际油价而波动。每加崙乙醇的售价通常比汽油高51美分，因为联邦政府会给生产混合燃料的厂家每加崙51美分的减税以资鼓励。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2006年，乙醇行业上演了一场疯狂行情。由于汽油价格上涨和乙醇需求量增加，夏季时乙醇价格飙升，较汽油高出的部分超过了1美元。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在油价高涨的今天，生物乙醇的总利润已经接近50%，把各个中间环节考虑进去，依然有利可图。同时，美国还给与生物燃料制造以大量补贴。据瑞士日内瓦的全球补贴行动组织在2007年发布的一份报告称，2006年美国政府对生物燃料的资助额在63亿~77亿美元之间，预计在2008年达到130亿美元，2014年将近160亿美元。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在美国政府的现行政策下，大部分补贴流向了对乙醇的支持。美国的减税率在过去一年维持不变，每一加崙乙醇（含进口）可获得51美分补贴。报告指出，“由于没有从制度上规定上限或者与油价挂鉤，因此补贴成本跟随国内消费增长而同步增加。”补贴正是美国最有效的产业政策。美国的燃料乙醇生产企业一般可以享受到双重补贴和双重税收减免。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　三大汽车公司老板游说白宫的背后 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　油价的上涨使以生产“油老虎”出名的底特律汽车三巨头──通用、福特和克莱斯勒公司，眼睁睁地看着在丰田的带领下，亚洲竞争对手夺走了美国汽车市场的大量份额。美国车在全球正被亚、欧汽车逼入绝境，这时美国政府发布了发展乙醇燃料的战略，对汽车业来说真是太及时了。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　现在，美国的汽车大部分是使用E15乙醇汽油，即15%的乙醇混合85%的汽油。而未来美国的目标是推广使用E85乙醇汽油的汽车，即85%的乙醇混合15%的汽油。美国三大汽车巨头已经卖出数百万量使用E85的汽车。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　所以，我们对这样的一幕不必惊讶:美国三大汽车公司的老总坐着使用乙醇燃料而且装饰着玉米柄的汽车来到白宫和国会，呼吁总统和议员们支持乙醇燃料汽车。美国汽车巨头一边希望借助乙醇燃料打压在传统节油领域中占技术优势的日本车，一边企图快速树立世界范围的乙醇燃料和发动机标准，打压中国等后起的竞争者，夺回失去的市场。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　乙醇工业也在改变着美国的传统农业。2006年5月底，美国的第100家乙醇厂在艾奥瓦州正式投产运营。目前，在美国50个州中，20个州生产燃料乙醇，主要集中在中北部和西部地区。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　据《华尔街日报》报道，2001年，美国有59家乙醇工厂；而到了2007年，已达到119家，目前还有另外86家正在建设当中，其中不乏国际知名大企业，BP、杜邦、凯雷资本。而一个叫做Renewable Energy Group的公司专门从事生物燃料的开发，已经占据了40%的市场份额，2007年这家公司入选《财富》杂志15家将改变世界的公司。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　美国可再生燃料协会的哈特维希说，乙醇是美国农业州经济增长的巨大引擎，2005年乙醇行业创造了15.3万个工作岗位，使美国农业地区的家庭收入增加了57亿美元。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　已经有人预言，生物能源技术可能如当年的互联网一样正在酝酿泡沫，而新能源对美国将起到的作用是否也将如互联网一样成为经济新的引擎？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　另一笔账 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　美国大力推动玉米乙醇还有更大的一笔账要算:用自己在土地资源上的优势去弥补在石油消耗上的劣势，从而继续维持在全球经济格局中的主动地位。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　美国有着巨大的耕地面积，这是其推动生物燃料乙醇战略的底气。美国的耕地达19745万公顷，占世界耕地总面积的13.15%，是世界上耕地面积最大的国家，而人均耕地0.7公顷，是世界人均耕地的2.9倍。强大的土地资源优势，是美国放手发动乙醇燃料这一石油替代战略的重要后盾。事实上，维持美国的能源安全也早已成为美国农业部的重要战略定位之一。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　同时，尽管美国对石油的依赖已从对中东地区的依赖转为多元化进口，但美国人很快意识到，行动在石油产地和输油线路周边的恐怖分子也会威胁到美国高速路上开车的美国人。这让美国迫切地感到需要能源自主。生物乙醇汽油的使用，尽管现在才占到美国石油总使用量的2%，但是它昭示着一个对美国来说非常令人鼓舞的前景。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　王仲颖介绍说，到2030年，美国的30%的汽油将用生物液体燃料替代，生物液体燃料的总产量将达到600亿加崙。按美国目前石油需求的年增长为1%~2%来计算，600亿加崙意味着美国从现在到2030年的石油需求增长将全部得到满足，美国只要能保証目前的石油进口量就可以保証其石油安全。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　打通油价与粮价之间的通道 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　据英国《经济学家》杂志最新发布的全球大宗商品价格统计数据，从2006年4月22日到2008年4月22日，以美元计算粮食价格上涨了69%，石油上涨了84.4%，而金属、矿石的价格有所下降，从中可以清晰地看到粮食价格和石油价格的联动关系。而以欧元计算，粮食和石油价格的上涨幅度比以美元计算低了19%。如何解释这些现象？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　粮食的周期性价格上涨，本来是可以通过粮食库存来进行自发调节，而且上涨幅度也不会像2007年到2008年这样剧烈。粮价出现如此剧烈的波动，现在人们主要归结于自然灾害、新兴经济体需求增长以及美国生物燃料的发展。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　自然灾害是短期性因素，不会持久发生作用。而新兴经济体的经济发展，是不是真的增加了对粮食的所谓刚性需求呢？北京大学中国经济中心教授卢锋的研究表明，感觉往往是靠不住的。以中国为例，卢锋对《环球》杂志说:“结合中国实际经济情况和统计数据看，中国长期收入增加导致粮食需求增加有限，中国粮食消费增长显着低于十几年前预测的水平，对食量需求快速增长线性增长的‘所谓刚性’缺乏经验証据支持。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　那么再来看美国生物燃料的发展。生物燃料的发展起到了打通油价与粮价之间通道的作用。本来在正常情况下，粮价上升，自然会促使农民採取扩大种植面积，开发荒地等手段，增加粮食产量。但是，在玉米可以做乙醇的情况下，油价上涨驱动了生物能发展，使玉米做乙醇成为有利可图的生意，增加的玉米转化为燃料。而玉米价格上升，导致和玉米轮作的大豆种植面积减少，又带动了大豆价格上升。同时，玉米是重要的饲料，饲料价格上升直接导致肉、蛋、奶价格上涨。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　有人认为，在目前美国的能源战略格局下，唯一能够阻止粮价继续上涨的希望是，在纤维素乙醇上取得关键技术突破，实现从玉米根茎部分提炼。然而分析人士指出，目前这些技术实验要最终变成现实估计需要将近10年的时间。麦肯锡合伙人凯撒预测，这种燃料到2015年才可实现商业化。而悲观的人士认为，任何採用植物为原料的生物燃料技术，都有可能导致与粮食抢夺种植面积。在未来十年，随着美国新能源战略的逐渐展开，全球粮食价格将保持持续上行态势。如果粮食供给没有大的改善，至少在中期之内，全球粮价将维持在高位。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，美国不仅从粮价上涨中受益。更为重要的是，美元贬值使美国成功地将目前的经济困境转嫁给了其他国家。陈凤英指出:“美元贬值并不是美国衰退的标志，而是美国转嫁危机的手段。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　现在，我们已经看到在美元的推手下，世界粮价和油价的剧烈上涨。还要警惕的是，美联储近日宣布再次降息25个基点，美国的本轮降息周期已经结束。随着下半年美国经济的转好，美元升值在未来将成为美国的又一利器，重新给世界经济带来新的搅动。想想柯立芝总统的那句名言:美国的事业就是商业（The business of America is business），美国玉米做乙醇的故事或许是一个最好的政治经济学案例。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' 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title='美国人的生意经才是全球粮荒罪魁祸首！'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2181268395343685279</id><published>2008-04-29T15:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-29T15:17:15.104-07:00</updated><title type='text'>江泽民答CBS记者问</title><content type='html'>从此对江core刮目相看。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华(华莱士)：最近贵国官方英文《中国日报》（ChinaDaily）有一则报导，标题说美国&lt;br /&gt;是《世界和平的威胁》。你是否认为美国是世界和平的威胁？ &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江(泽民)：我没有看过这篇文章，不知道你转述得是否准确。既使准确，我也不知道文&lt;br /&gt;章的立论是泛泛而谈还是就一件事得出的引论。不过我有一个感觉，中国媒体和你们美&lt;br /&gt;国媒体有一个共同的爱好，就是喜欢用简单的概念描述复杂的事物，并且一哄而起，这&lt;br /&gt;在中国被称为「炒概念」。尽管我们不断要求他们要和政府保持一致，但我知道他们真&lt;br /&gt;实的目的和你们一样，就是赚更多的钱。　至于美国是不是威胁世界和平，我不想下简&lt;br /&gt;单的结论而是想提供一些事实。美国的军费开支几乎相当于除美国之外其它所有国家的&lt;br /&gt;军费开支，美国拥有可以把地球毁灭几次的核武库和同时可以在任何地区进行两场大规&lt;br /&gt;模常规战争的武装力量。另一方面，美国是周边政治环境最好的大国，周边国家对美国&lt;br /&gt;构不成任何威胁，而所谓构成威胁的国家离美国十万八千里。常识会使我们想，如果美&lt;br /&gt;国不想控制世界，它保有这么强大的武装力量干什么呢？为什么不可以用这些钱去帮助&lt;br /&gt;美国国内的穷人和帮助穷国发展经济呢？很可惜，在这些方面欧洲是表率而美国不是，&lt;br /&gt;尽管后者富有得多。如果美国以武力做后盾力图控制世界，而其它国家的人民不想接受&lt;br /&gt;这种没有协商和讨论余地的控制，或者如你们经常提到的那个词，没有民主的控制，那&lt;br /&gt;么，这种武力是不是会构成对其它国家人民的一种威胁呢？我想，对这个问题你自己会&lt;br /&gt;作出判断，如果你像你经常声称的那样有正义感的话。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：戈尔或小布什将在您的国家主席任内成为美国总统。如果他们现在正在看这个节目&lt;br /&gt;，您对未来中美关系有什么话要对他们说？ 　　&lt;br /&gt;江：无论他们谁当选我都祝贺他，并希望在他的任内中美两国人民通过更多的交流、沟&lt;br /&gt;通和理解向着成为朋友而不是敌人的方向前进。我本人也希望成为他们的好朋友。 　&lt;br /&gt;　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;华；所以，您对两党竞选阵营都捐钱？ &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：我们认为我们的政策是正确的，不需要花钱去买别人的支持。我们也没有这种习惯&lt;br /&gt;，花钱贿买政治家这种习惯是你们的不是我们的。 &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;华：主席先生，您如何形容今日的中美关系？ 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：我们之间的关系有风有雨，甚至有乌云。但是，有时雨过天晴。我们都希望双方建&lt;br /&gt;立建设性的关系。&lt;br /&gt;　　 　　&lt;br /&gt;华：这听起来真像是政客的言谈。不够坦白。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：政治家，或者如你所说，政客，经常不能非常坦率地讲话的一个原因，是不希望成&lt;br /&gt;为你们制造浅薄的轰动新闻而大赚其钱的工具。我知道，克林顿总统挣的比你少得多，&lt;br /&gt;我也很清楚，我比我们国家新闻界的那些名人挣的也少得多。我们不希望由于我们的缘&lt;br /&gt;故使你们更富有而显得我们更贫穷。当然，我和你们国家你所说的那些政客不能坦率讲&lt;br /&gt;话的主要理由是责任。在这个缺乏理解的世界上，政治家的真实的话经常会引起他并不&lt;br /&gt;希望发生的很严重的后果。政治家必须考虑他的话带来的可能的后果。这一点不像你们&lt;br /&gt;。你们「媒客」说话只考虑是不是能给你们带来更大的利益而不必承担任何责任。这是&lt;br /&gt;职业的不同。所以，是政治家的责任，而不是你所说的政客的油滑使我们那样说话。 &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;华：您是世界上最后一个主要共党独裁者。&lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：我还有两年就退休了。您见过任期届满就退休的独裁者吗？ &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;华：独裁者是指强行压制者，无论对像是新闻自由、宗教自由，或私人企业自由。现在&lt;br /&gt;您有点开始接近了。父亲知道的最清楚。如果你挡你父亲的路，父亲就会教训你。 　&lt;br /&gt;　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：你说到宗教自由，我告诉你，那是中国的文化传统而不是你们的。在你们的祖先在&lt;br /&gt;欧洲进行宗教战争和利用宗教裁判所杀人的时候，中国就允许各种宗教自由传播了。这&lt;br /&gt;种传统一直延续到现在。我建议你到北京的各种宗教场所去看看，在天主教的南堂、北&lt;br /&gt;堂，在西四和王府井的基督教教堂，在白云观，在雍和宫，在遍布北京的佛教庙宇，那&lt;br /&gt;里士多得可以用「摩肩接踵」这个成语来形容了。如果像你所说我们在压制宗教自由，&lt;br /&gt;那里就不会有那么多人，甚至建筑都应该被拆了。可是所有这些场所都被列为各级文物&lt;br /&gt;保护单位，除了宗教组织用信徒捐的钱修缮外，政府也每年拨出大量经费进行保护，难&lt;br /&gt;道我们愚蠢到花钱保护我们要压制的东西吗？ 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;至于OO功，如果它只是锻炼身体、休身养性，我们不会取缔它。它己经存在好几年了，&lt;br /&gt;没有遇到过什么麻烦。但是，当一位科学家在一家地方性报纸发表了一篇批评它的文章&lt;br /&gt;，它就组织人来围攻政府，他们想通过向政府施加政治压力来封别人的嘴。是谁在压制&lt;br /&gt;言论自由呢？不是我们，是OO功? 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;一个企图制造政治混乱来打击科学家和科学观点的组织理所当然引起政府的警惕，我们&lt;br /&gt;开始通过司法程序调查它，这才发现问题远比我们想的严重。这是一个受骗子控制的组&lt;br /&gt;织，它的首脑告诉人们有了病不要去看病，你知道没有任何正经的宗教阻止人们去看病&lt;br /&gt;。他还散布世界末日论，在人们心中制造恐慌。他*散布谎言聚敛钱财，跑到美国去买&lt;br /&gt;房买车，过起富翁的生活，难道所谓美国梦都是这么做的吗？中国的法制还很不健全，&lt;br /&gt;人民的法律意识不强，如果那些受骗而失去亲人的家庭早些运用法律来讨回公道，我们&lt;br /&gt;绝不会让他在美国享福，他应该被绳之以法，他聚敛来的财富应该用来赔偿那些家庭。&lt;br /&gt;OO功提醒了中国政府，在中国向市场经济转变的这个巨大转折时期，会出现形形色色的&lt;br /&gt;骗子，他们有的打着经济的旗号，有的打着宗教、政治或其它什么旗号，他们的目的是&lt;br /&gt;一样的，就是骗敛财富，过他们*智能和劳动永远也过不上的豪华生活。 　　　　政府&lt;br /&gt;在保证真正的宗教信仰自由的同时，还应该时刻警惕这些骗子，不能让骗子横行，否则&lt;br /&gt;政府就无法保护大多数人的利益，就是失职。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中国政府过去在这个问题上确有失职，我们认识到了，我们正在改变。当然，在具体做&lt;br /&gt;法上我们要吸取美国政府和日本政府的教训，他们的做法造成无辜人员和信徒的死亡。&lt;br /&gt;我们希望能早点而不是已经造成无辜人员死亡后再解决，我们主要通过教育和引导，对&lt;br /&gt;触犯法律者用法律手段解决。我知道，绝大多数OO功信徒都是一辈子老老实实的人，他&lt;br /&gt;们老实但有点固执，不容易转弯。我们有耐心，因为我们相信，真正的骗子只有那一个&lt;br /&gt;人。让我们奇怪的是，所有这些在中国发生的事情，美国的媒体没有进行任何深入调查&lt;br /&gt;就妄下结论，指责我们这不对、那不对，教训我们应该这样、应该那样。是谁想当父亲&lt;br /&gt;教训别人呢？我们都当过年青人，我们年青的时候，父亲们总是这样说：你看，我们多&lt;br /&gt;成功，而且我的朋友也很成功，所以你应该走我们的路，照我们的样去做。我们对父亲&lt;br /&gt;的这些教训总是很反感，我们总在想，为什么我们就不能走另外一条路呢？ 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;我们承认，在建设现代国家上美国有资格当父亲，美国人民是伟大的人民，他们建设了&lt;br /&gt;一个伟大的国家，为人类发展提供了宝贵的经验。尽管如此，美国也没有权力教训别的&lt;br /&gt;国家，特别是用打屁股的方式去教训别人。还不仅仅在于这会产生逆反心理，更重要的&lt;br /&gt;是，上帝没有给你们这个权力，何况中国不是美国的儿子。我们有权力走自己的路，也&lt;br /&gt;许我们会犯很多错误，但是犯错误也是上帝给我们的权力。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;多喜欢教训中国的美国人忘记了美国的历史。做为一个现代国家，中国只有50年的历史&lt;br /&gt;，而美国有两百多年的历史。美国的开国元勋杰斐逊在独立宣言上写上「人人生而平等&lt;br /&gt;」这样的话，但他自己却终身蓄奴，他对理想和现实想得很清楚。我们和你们一样并不&lt;br /&gt;认为他是个伪君子。美国的开国宪法根本没有人权条款，为什么呢？因为美国的开国元&lt;br /&gt;勋们是现实主义者，他们把国家的团结和稳定摆在第一位。林肯在南北战争前力图用保&lt;br /&gt;留奴隶制做筹码换取南方取消独立行动，维护国家统一，显然，林肯的原则是明确的，&lt;br /&gt;就是统一大于人权。美国独立100多年后，妇女才获得选举权，190年后，也就是20世纪&lt;br /&gt;60年代才开始取消种族隔离，一直到现在，我们知道，美国不同种族的人是不在一起居&lt;br /&gt;住的，他们表面客客气气，却远没有融为一体。通过分析美国历史我们学到很多东西，&lt;br /&gt;最重要的是，我们看到在美国政治家和媒体中达成一种广泛的共识，这个共识贯穿了两&lt;br /&gt;个原则：一个是，他们认识到，像民主、人权、自由这些东西和文化、和人们的生活习&lt;br /&gt;惯、思考方式紧密联系在一起，改变它需要有耐心，有时间，需要水到渠成。另一个是&lt;br /&gt;，在国家的独立、统一、稳定、团结和人们的民主、人权、自由要求之间应该维持一种&lt;br /&gt;微妙的平衡，不能让过激的要求损害国家利益，同时在保证国家利益的基础上，逐步地&lt;br /&gt;、有耐心地改变人们的政治环境。有一个电视剧叫「南北乱世情」，不知道是不是你们&lt;br /&gt;这个台拍的，里面有个有钱的白人妇女嫁给了一个黑奴，在当时这种行为很激进，毫无&lt;br /&gt;疑问，这个妇女是个人权斗士，然而作者把她描绘成一个歇斯底里，这代表了美国一种&lt;br /&gt;很普遍的看法。美国的政治家和媒体小心翼翼地不让激进的思想和行为损害美国渐进的&lt;br /&gt;改革过程，为什么他们能达成这种默契呢？因为他们背后有一个庞大的真正的知识分子&lt;br /&gt;群体，他们对美国社会状况进行了大量研究、分析。美国是一个很好的知识而不是口号&lt;br /&gt;和激情改造社会的范例。在这方面中国需要很好的向美国学习。导了麦卡锡主义，大肆&lt;br /&gt;迫害有自由思想的知识分子。麦克阿瑟将军镇压二战老兵。警察镇压反对越战学生，并&lt;br /&gt;且开枪打死了人。中央情报局在世界各地策动政变，支持那些地地道道的军事独裁和君&lt;br /&gt;主独裁政权，他们还把毒品运回国内引诱非裔美国人贩毒。由于美国的这些行为死的人&lt;br /&gt;有多少？我不知道，肯定不是个小数目。我们很奇怪，美国不是自称人权斗士吗？为什&lt;br /&gt;么你们一面骂我们独裁，一面又支持那些真正的独裁者屠杀本国人民呢？在美国政府这&lt;br /&gt;样做时，美国媒体的正义感跑到哪儿去了呢？我知道有四个秘密，今天我只说一个，这&lt;br /&gt;就是美国媒体希望美国在国际社会里充当「父亲」或「教父」的角色。我们没听话，所&lt;br /&gt;以我们挨了板子。阿连德虽然是民主选举的总统，但不听你们的话，所以你们要推翻他&lt;br /&gt;。俄罗斯虽然按照你们的要求民主化了，但你们怕它当另一个「父亲」或「教父」，抢&lt;br /&gt;夺你们的位置，所以你们支持俄罗斯分裂，支持北约东扩。相反，蒋介石、李承晚、吴&lt;br /&gt;庭艳、塞拉西、皮诺切特听你们的话，不管他多独裁，杀了多少人，你们照样给钱给枪&lt;br /&gt;给顾问。这就是美国的逻辑。所以，是你们不是我们在充当父亲的角色，而且希望一直&lt;br /&gt;充当下去。 　　 　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：您知道吗？我看到一个年轻人在天#安#门广场拦住坦克车那张照片时，我就知道中&lt;br /&gt;国的独裁是什么意思了。这是一个了不起的象征，让中国的独裁打进我的心底。您做学&lt;br /&gt;生时曾经在上海示威。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：不错。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：那是国民党时代，「我们要自由，我们要民主」，您当时是这样吧。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;江：不错。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：天#安#门广场上的人说什么，也是「我们要自由，我们要民主」吧。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;江：天#安#门事件是个复杂的事情，不像您说的那么简单。事实上，当年的所谓「民主&lt;br /&gt;派」在美国也正反思当年的事情，许多内幕被揭露出来，一些在背后@！#$纵学生的人&lt;br /&gt;现形了。还有许多内幕没有被揭露出来，&lt;br /&gt;同时我们也看到了美国的另一面。50年代美国政府主比如说为什么那些所谓的学生领袖&lt;br /&gt;能够弃他们的主张和他们的跟从者于不顾，先一步离开天#安#门广场，并在几天内就顺&lt;br /&gt;利出国。世界上谁有这么大的本事能够在被你们称为**独裁的中国组织这样畅通的管道&lt;br /&gt;运人比货物还方便？我想，这道算数题并不复杂。所以，在天#安#门事件背后的大背景&lt;br /&gt;被揭露出来之前，全面评价天#安#门事件还为时过早。你刚才说广场上的人「要自由、&lt;br /&gt;要民主」，但他们不知道他们背后的人的真实想法可能是「要美国、要英国」。这可不&lt;br /&gt;是随口乱说，在背后@！#$纵学生的方励之夫妇一贯主张中国应重新变成殖民地，让外&lt;br /&gt;国人来统治。你看，在我们和他们之间有个区别，我们主张自由、民主是为了把外国的&lt;br /&gt;侵略势力、支配势力赶出中国，让中国人自己当家做主，让中国人在世界上能够平等地&lt;br /&gt;和外国交往。而他们主张的自由、民主的背后却隐藏着一个危险，就是自由民主没要到&lt;br /&gt;，倒把外国的侵略势力、支配势力请了回来，让中国的历史在原地转圈。 　　&lt;br /&gt;天#安#门事件后紧接着发生了苏联和东欧的巨变，被广场的学生们热烈欢呼的戈尔巴乔&lt;br /&gt;夫却被本国的人民唾弃。前苏联的民主和私有化带来的是什么呢？少数金融寡头攫取了&lt;br /&gt;国家和人民的财富，他们通过暗箱操作来@！#$纵政治和经济，这不过是在民主外衣下&lt;br /&gt;的另一种独裁。国民经济在10年里不但没有增长，反而下降了三分之二，倒退回1917年&lt;br /&gt;的水平，前苏联人民80年的辛劳都一风吹了。人民生活水平大幅下降，人均寿命大幅缩&lt;br /&gt;短，国家分裂，内战频仍，国际地位下降，国家安全得不到保障，就像我说的，美国和&lt;br /&gt;英国真的回来了，他们已经到了俄罗斯的家门口，他们并不因为俄罗斯民主了，就对她&lt;br /&gt;笑脸相迎，他们利用俄罗斯的虚弱步步紧迫，不断制造事端，一会儿是车臣，一会儿是&lt;br /&gt;科索沃，天晓得明天还有什么，他们不把俄罗斯彻底搞分裂是绝不会罢手的。前苏联人&lt;br /&gt;民失去的所有这一切难道就为了换取一张没有多少实际意义的选票吗？ 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;相反，这10年里，中国的经济翻了一番，人民生活水平得到提高。美国的诺贝尔经济学&lt;br /&gt;奖获得者贝克教授指出，最好的衡量人民幸福程度的指针就是人均寿命，因为人民的营&lt;br /&gt;养水平、医疗水平、社会安定和政治满意程度最终都会体现在人均寿命中。中国的人均&lt;br /&gt;寿命和美国已经非常接近，都是70多岁，而前苏联在这 10年里士均寿命却下降了十几&lt;br /&gt;岁，退到了50几岁。就连为俄罗斯设计私有化道路的哈佛大学教授萨克斯都承认，前苏&lt;br /&gt;联的道路是失败的。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我们的发展不仅比前苏联地区好，也比印度好。包括美国专家在内的国际专家经常对比&lt;br /&gt;中国和印度的发展道路，他们认为中国和印度除政治制度外在其它各方面都很相似，具&lt;br /&gt;有可比性，他们的共同结论是中国发展道路比印度更好、更有效，这其中包括印度的前&lt;br /&gt;总理和印度诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，而这位经济学家是专门研究发展道路、发展模式的&lt;br /&gt;，是关于发展问题的一个权威学者。 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;前几年我们的一位记者采访了美国许多诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，大约有八、九位吧，他&lt;br /&gt;们都赞扬了中国走在正确的道路上，这其中包括萨缪尔森、弗里德曼这些持不同经济观&lt;br /&gt;点的赫赫有名的大师级人物。然而，我们的成绩，包括美国专家、教授、知识分子在内&lt;br /&gt;的国际专家对中国的评价并没有在美国的媒体中得到正面的反映，我们听到的是指责、&lt;br /&gt;指责、再指责。为什么呢？很快，我们就明白了其中的道理。我可以向你透露一个秘密&lt;br /&gt;，两年前，我在和克林顿总统会谈时曾经明确表示，如果美国不插手台湾问题，让中国&lt;br /&gt;统一能够和平顺利的进行，我们就能集中力量于内部，我向他保证，如果美国这样做了&lt;br /&gt;，我们就将加快民主进程。我们达成了默契。但是，以后发生了什么事情呢？美国人出&lt;br /&gt;尔反尔不守信用使我们的总理在美国受羞辱，美国飞机轰炸了我们的大使馆，李登辉跳&lt;br /&gt;出来气极败坏地挑起两岸争端，美国要建立针对中国的导弹防御系统，日本加快了军备&lt;br /&gt;步伐并且准备和美国一起插手台湾事务，lihongzhi从美国跑回来组织围攻政府，美国&lt;br /&gt;国内在妖魔化中国，说中国如何如何威胁美国，把李文和事件、贿选事件统统栽在中国&lt;br /&gt;政府身上。中国的国内局势和周边环境突然恶化，特别是，一个由美国支持的日本右翼&lt;br /&gt;势力极力主张的「岛链」的雏形正在浮现，它将彻底封死中国的出海口，扼住中国的脖&lt;br /&gt;子，迫使中国肢解，就像李登辉主张的那样。所有这一切都在极短时间内集束式发生了&lt;br /&gt;，难道我们幼稚到会相信所有这一切都是偶然的吗？ 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;所以，是谁真正反对和破坏中国的民主呢？是那些不希望中国稳定、富裕、强大的势力&lt;br /&gt;，是那些不和衰弱的势力。 　　　　我们明白了，存在一个势力集团，他们不受美国&lt;br /&gt;所谓民主政治的约束，他们是美国政治中隐蔽的一极，我们把它称为「第六级」。他们&lt;br /&gt;在美国历史中通过加强中央权力，对外扩张和冷战中极度膨胀起来。华盛顿总统和艾森&lt;br /&gt;豪威尔总统都曾警告美国人民警惕这个势力集团的存在。由于他们打着美国国家利益的&lt;br /&gt;旗号，可以不受法律控制，并且掌握庞大的秘密和血腥手段，从而拥有巨大的能量。他&lt;br /&gt;们使金牧师和肯尼迪总统的刺杀案无法真相大白，使肯尼迪家族的人不断神秘死亡，他&lt;br /&gt;们可以让总统和新闻界闭嘴，因为他们掌握着大量这些人的隐私材料，其中可能也包括&lt;br /&gt;你，华莱士先生。许多美国总统的回忆录都证实了这个集团的可怖，像美国电影导演斯&lt;br /&gt;通那样一些知识分子力图探索其中的真相，但他们肯定会白费力气。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;我们明白了，我们无法通过讨好他们使他们放弃敌视态度。他们需要有一个强大的敌人&lt;br /&gt;，以保住他们的饭碗，获得更多的经费，有成就感，获得提升和让别人害怕他们。他们&lt;br /&gt;已经习惯于通过陷害别人使自己得到满足的生活了，美国财政部部长萨默斯把这称为「&lt;br /&gt;滞后效应」。李文和案中的那个情报官不是承认了他是希望中国通过美国式的渐进改革&lt;br /&gt;道路逐渐变得强大的势力，是那些希望中国通过前苏联的激进改革道路走向分裂和衰弱&lt;br /&gt;的势力。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我们明白了，存在一个势力集团，他们不受美国所谓民主政治的约束，他们是美国政治&lt;br /&gt;中隐蔽的一极，我们把它称为「第六级」。他们在美国历史中通过加强中央权力，对外&lt;br /&gt;扩张和冷战中极度膨胀起来。华盛顿总统和艾森豪威尔总统都曾警告美国人民警惕这个&lt;br /&gt;势力集团的存在。由于他们打着美国国家利益的旗号，可以不受法律控制，并且掌握庞&lt;br /&gt;大的秘密和血腥手段，从而拥有巨大的能量。他们使金牧师和肯尼迪总统的刺杀案无法&lt;br /&gt;真相大白，使肯尼迪家族的人不断神秘死亡，他们可以让总统和新闻界闭嘴，因为他们&lt;br /&gt;掌握着大量这些人的隐私材料，其中可能也包括你，华莱士先生。许多美国总统的回忆&lt;br /&gt;录都证实了这个集团的可怖，像美国电影导演斯通那样一些知识分子力图探索其中的真&lt;br /&gt;相，但他们肯定会白费力气。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;八九年风波之后，通过前苏联的教训和中国自己的经验，在中国政府、中国知识分子、&lt;br /&gt;学生和人民中终于形成了初步的共识，这就是中国不能走前苏联的路，中国要坚持渐进&lt;br /&gt;改革的道路。我们在经济上正在推行股份制，开放市场和加入WTO；在政治上正在推动&lt;br /&gt;乡村和城市街道的直选，在人民取得经验后，我们将在县一级进行直选。我们正在加强&lt;br /&gt;打击腐败的力度，加强法制建设。我们并不认为我们的制度是十全十美的，我们需要不&lt;br /&gt;断地改革和改进。我们也并不认为美国的制度是十全十美的，因为经验告诉我们，这个&lt;br /&gt;民主的美国总是恃强凌弱。在我们和你们之间有许多灰度，我们需要寻找最佳点来确立&lt;br /&gt;我们制度的基点。这就需要我们深入研究和分析各种存在过的制度模型，各种中国制度&lt;br /&gt;可能的演进方向和路程，发现人民群众的许多新创造，把所有这些进行对比、排序，以&lt;br /&gt;便找到一个最好的目标和路径。这是一个庞大的工程，在我们有了确定的结果之前，我&lt;br /&gt;们将坚持现有的制度方式，以保证稳定和持续的改革。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;是，大多数当年在广场的学生，他们到美国留学以后，脱离了中国的政治环境以后，反&lt;br /&gt;而离开了那些所谓的民主派。他们和我一样保有一份对那些不切实际的人的同情，同时&lt;br /&gt;把他们看成电视剧里那个妇女一样的歇斯底里。海外民主派已经彻底垮了，虽然他们有&lt;br /&gt;美国和台湾金钱的支撑，但是10年里他们拿不出一点象样的东西，他们没有那个能耐，&lt;br /&gt;他们还像10年前一样只能*喊口号过日子，而别人都在成熟都在前进。你看，10年后，&lt;br /&gt;当我们重新看天#安#门事件时，难道这不是一条很现实的依据吗？ 　　 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：您佩不佩服这名青年的勇气？那个青年的心，他的勇气。那个独自站在那里对抗坦&lt;br /&gt;克车的人。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;江：我知道西方媒体很喜欢这张照片，你们想找到一个象征，却不想知道那个象征后面&lt;br /&gt;的东西。你说到那个青年的勇气，我来告诉你你所谓的勇气是什么。这个青年从小就从&lt;br /&gt;父母、老师和社会那里了解到解放军是人民的子弟兵，他绝不相信子弟兵的坦克车会从&lt;br /&gt;他身上压过去。更何况他的想法在那张照片之前被很多人很长时间证实着。大约有20多&lt;br /&gt;天里，持枪军队的军车被阻，枪械被抢走，士兵们被围困在车内，在大热天里没有水喝&lt;br /&gt;没有饭吃，打不还手，骂不还口，世界上还有任何其它的军队能够做到这一点吗？但是&lt;br /&gt;这个青年清楚地知道，他面对的正是这样一只军队。正像你们的录像拍到的那样，坦克&lt;br /&gt;车果然停下来了。一支庞大的军队面对一个手无寸铁的青却束手无策，这倒底说明了什&lt;br /&gt;么？是像你们解释的那样说明了这个青年的勇敢，还是说明了这只军队根本就不愿意也&lt;br /&gt;不可能去伤害人民？如果这个青年面对的是国民党军队或是美国军队，他还敢单枪匹马&lt;br /&gt;地站在坦克车队前面吗？我敢保让，他不会这样蠢，他会去参加革命，使他的勇敢产生&lt;br /&gt;更有价值的效果，就像我们当年做的那样。刚才我的助理抗议你拿出这张照片，我很遣&lt;br /&gt;憾。他很蠢。我们宣传部门的那些人也很蠢。他们看不出这张照片的真实含意，他们花&lt;br /&gt;了很多钱却净做蠢事。我们的对外宣传部门挤满了没有脑子的翻译机器，但我毫无办法&lt;br /&gt;。我们相信，这个青年和绝大多数学生一样是真诚的，他们要求的反腐败也是我们今天&lt;br /&gt;正在做的事情。政府和大多数学生之间没有根本分歧，政府要做的是把有良好愿望的学&lt;br /&gt;生和他们所不知道的他们背后的有险恶用心的@！#$纵者区别开来，因为，就像我说过&lt;br /&gt;的，真正的骗子只是极少数人。很可惜，当时的政府没能做到这一点，于是悲剧发生了&lt;br /&gt;。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;当时的政府和包括这个青年在内的真诚的学生们都犯了一个错误，他们都忘了群众是由&lt;br /&gt;不同的人组成的，除了大部分好人之外，还有一些犯罪份子和潜在的犯罪份子。如果让&lt;br /&gt;这些人得到机会，形势将更加混乱。后来的情况正是这样。由于包括这个青年在内的学&lt;br /&gt;生阻止军队达几个小时，而且是在夜间，犯罪份子有机会制造燃烧瓶并利用前些天抢走&lt;br /&gt;的武器武力进攻军队。这样，整个事件的性质发生了变化，你不可能阻止军队面对自己&lt;br /&gt;的战友被屠杀而不还手，然而军队在还手时分不清他面对的是学生还是犯罪份子。中国&lt;br /&gt;政府在领导中国进行巨大变革时，没有预料到会遇到大规模抗议事件。我们低估了国外&lt;br /&gt;势力利用中国形势的能量，高估了我们人民面对巨大变化的耐受力。社会巨变重新分配&lt;br /&gt;了利益关系，一部人暂时不满甚至强烈不满是正常的。例如，放开农产品物价虽然使农&lt;br /&gt;民获益，却使消费这些农产品的城市居民、工人、学生降低了生活水平；价格双轨制使&lt;br /&gt;掌握物资流通的人获益而使其它人不满。天#安#门事件正是城市人对价格转轨的不满背&lt;br /&gt;景中产生的。这以后我们认识到，在涉及利益重组的改革措施上，我们需要更加小心；&lt;br /&gt;我们还要准备好必要的警力和装备，以准备应付人们的不满。更重要的是，我们必须严&lt;br /&gt;励惩治腐败，以使人民对我们改革的公正性有信心。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：天#安#门事件过后一个月，您写了一篇演讲稿，其中写道：「贪腐在中国成长。如&lt;br /&gt;果所有党政机构都利用权势谋求物质利益，那跟光天化日之下抢夺老百姓有什么不同？&lt;br /&gt;」天#安#门广场上的学生也是抗议您提到的贪腐。所以他们显然对您和您的政党产生了&lt;br /&gt;一些影响。 　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;江：89年时，我们不知道如何去处理腐败问题。有些腐败钻了改革措施的空子，处在法&lt;br /&gt;律的边缘；有些是体制问题，*处理人无法解决；有些腐败隐藏很深，找不到证据。以&lt;br /&gt;后我们认识到，解决腐败问题必须制度、体制改革和法律手段双管齐下。我们正在压缩&lt;br /&gt;政府的规模，实行政企分开，在企业建立现代企业制度，进行外贸体制改革以及加入&lt;br /&gt;WTO，这样，我们的经济活动将更加规范。在必要的经济监管部门制定了规则。同时开&lt;br /&gt;展以打击走私和处理大案要案为重点的法律行动。但是，经济学家告诉我们，解决腐败&lt;br /&gt;的成本很高，经济转型期的腐败是普遍问题，我们必须有长期与腐败做斗争的准备。 &lt;br /&gt;　　 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;华：中国没有新闻自由。没有。我们认为个人自由与新闻自由有关连。您为何担心新闻&lt;br /&gt;自由？ 　　 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;江：在美国，有一个漂亮的小女孩死了，媒体做了大量报导和猜测，使这个女孩的父母&lt;br /&gt;蒙受了巨大的和额外的精神痛苦。是谁给媒体权力在法律判决之前制造痛苦以满足另一&lt;br /&gt;些人不正常的心理并使自己大赚其钱呢？是「新闻自由」。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;美国有一个长着大下巴的谈话节目主持人，在中国女足和美国女足比赛前一天的节目中&lt;br /&gt;，在中国女足步出旅馆的画面上搞了一些身穿黑衣上写「阴毛「两字的人。是谁给了这&lt;br /&gt;个家伙随便侮辱别人的权力？是「新闻自由」。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;美国媒体在报导警察带走古巴男孩埃连时刊登了一张警察用枪指着男孩的照片，可是据&lt;br /&gt;现场目击者说，枪根本没指向男孩，是由于拍摄角度，使照片产生了这种效果，结果产&lt;br /&gt;生了一场风波。是谁给了媒体这种歪曲事实的权力呢？是「新闻自由」。 　西方媒体&lt;br /&gt;道听途说，硬说科索沃发生了种族大屠杀，引致北约军队的侵略。事后北约军队到处寻&lt;br /&gt;找，才发现根本没有什么大屠杀，把各种原因死亡的尸体加在一起也没有北约军队轰炸&lt;br /&gt;杀死的人多。是谁给了媒体这种造谣杀人的权力呢？是「新闻自由」。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;「新闻自由」不过是新闻界为使自己不受任何限制地攫取利润而制造出来的一个图腾，&lt;br /&gt;仅此而已。只不过新闻界利用自己能控制人们思想的特殊权力不断炒作，硬是把说了一&lt;br /&gt;千遍的谎言变成了真理。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;20世纪30年代以前，「商业自由」和「新闻自由」一样也是一种图腾，从亚当?斯密说&lt;br /&gt;看不见的手可以摆平一切以后，商业自由成了凛然不可侵犯的原则。后来人们发现，自&lt;br /&gt;由竞争会引致合谋和垄断，会侵犯消费者利益，必须对商业自由加以限制。在美国这个&lt;br /&gt;最倡导自由经济的国家，在政府里成立了一大堆监管商业的部门，总数有10万人之多。&lt;br /&gt;在社会上成立了各种保护消费者利益的组织。事实上，美国是经济监管最严格、最好的&lt;br /&gt;国家，对此我们非常赞赏。我们正在学习美国的监管体制来改造我们的政府部门。新闻&lt;br /&gt;、媒体也是企业，它们不是非赢利组织，而是以赢利为目的的商业企业。新闻是这些企&lt;br /&gt;业制造的产品，它们想用新闻这个产品去**，它们就有充分的动机弄虚做假、以次充好&lt;br /&gt;、串谋合谋、唯利是图。凭什么新闻这个产品的质量就可以不受监管、不受控制呢？在&lt;br /&gt;新闻质量和新闻消费者之间不是一样存在一个信息非对称问题吗？看来，美国这个先进&lt;br /&gt;国家还没有想出监管新闻这种产品的好办法来，就像你们在30年代以前对商业自由那样&lt;br /&gt;，既然如此，我们有什么必要匆匆忙忙去抄袭你们呢？还是等你创造出更好的经验后，&lt;br /&gt;我们再去学习吧。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;至于个人自由，任何人的绝对自由都是对别人的限制。美国南部有个工厂，白种工人在&lt;br /&gt;车上画着南方联邦的旗帜，非裔工人向厂方提出抗议，厂方同意不让这些车进厂门，白&lt;br /&gt;种工人又抗议他们的言论自由受到侵害。倒底谁应该有言论自由的权力呢？双方都有就&lt;br /&gt;会产生冲突，一方有，另一方就会受到限制。 　　　&lt;br /&gt;有一个人烧了美国国旗，地方法院要起诉他，最高法院认为这个人无罪，因为他有言论&lt;br /&gt;自由的权力。而美国国会的一些议员不干了，他们要立法使这个人有罪。倒底谁说的对&lt;br /&gt;呢？ 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;所谓言论自由，本质上是一个博奕论难题，没有正确的解，所以要用民主集中制来限制&lt;br /&gt;它。民主就是多数原则，是用多数人的自由限制少数人的自由。集中是由多数人的代表&lt;br /&gt;来行使多数权力，本质上是多数人中的少数人限制多数人的自由。之所以个人自由必须&lt;br /&gt;受到限制，是因为还存在一个效率原则。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;所以在一个社会中，效率和公正不可偏废，当效率和公正相抵触时，必须实行效率优先&lt;br /&gt;原则，这就是历史的逻辑，或者称为历史悖论。看来华莱士先生不太懂历史和哲学，我&lt;br /&gt;就不多说了。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中国共产党打败有强大外国势力支持的国民党，是因为人民支持我们，就是说多数选择&lt;br /&gt;了我们。所以我们执政是有民主基础的。另一方面，由于美国的干预，中国还处于分裂&lt;br /&gt;状况，内战状况，中国的国家政治还无法进入现代国家的常态运行。一旦中国完成统一&lt;br /&gt;，结束内战，中国的民主就指日可待了。所以，是美国阻碍和干扰了中国的民主和自由&lt;br /&gt;，并且把罪名强加在我们头上。 　　　　&lt;br /&gt;我把对克林顿总统说的话再对你并通过你向美国公众说一遍：请还给我们统一以让我们&lt;br /&gt;早日获得民主和自由吧&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-2181268395343685279?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/2181268395343685279/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=2181268395343685279' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2181268395343685279'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2181268395343685279'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/04/cbs.html' title='江泽民答CBS记者问'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6600237266961439085</id><published>2008-03-23T04:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-23T04:46:09.128-07:00</updated><title type='text'>对新同事致辞</title><content type='html'>有新同事的加入，身为主管的你需要在新员工大会上发表讲话。为这件事挠头吗？可那看下面这个address 能不能给你帮点忙吧！ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am Peter, Sales manager of the company. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to our company. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you are aware our company is the one of the leaders in the field and I know you will be proud of being a member of our company. It is always my greatest concern to keep the business going. We can never rest on our laurels. We need to set new goals for ourselves all the time. As you are equipped with new knowledge, new thoughts and new insights, make full use of them while they are still fresh in your minds. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Work hard, not only for the company but also for yourself, that's the only way that you and the company can keep growing. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again I would like to welcome you and from today on, let's strive for development. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我是本公司的销售部经理彼得。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;首先借此机会，我衷心感谢各位能够选择并加入我公司。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如诸位所知，我公司是本行业著名的公司之一，我认为你会为成为我公司的一员感到骄傲。发展公司的业务一直是我关注的中心问题。我们不能依赖旧有的成绩。我们需要不断创新。你们具有新的知识、新的观念以及新的见解。请趁它们还没有过时善加利用。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;请一定努力工作，不仅为了公司也为你自己，这是你自己和我们公司发展壮大的唯一出路。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;再次欢迎你们的加盟，从今天开始让我们一同为发展而奋斗。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;（英语学习网）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6600237266961439085?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6600237266961439085/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6600237266961439085' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6600237266961439085'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6600237266961439085'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/blog-post_23.html' title='对新同事致辞'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2421616863630375383</id><published>2008-03-23T04:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-23T04:37:44.990-07:00</updated><title type='text'>I knew I loved you - Savage Garden</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/69Z9rkmEcPE&amp;hl=en"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/69Z9rkmEcPE&amp;hl=en" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maybe it's intuition&lt;br /&gt;But some things you just don't question&lt;br /&gt;Like in your eyes&lt;br /&gt;I see my future in an instant&lt;br /&gt;And there it goes&lt;br /&gt;I think I've found my best friend&lt;br /&gt;I know that it might sound more than a little crazy&lt;br /&gt;But I believe...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I think I dreamed you into life&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I have been waiting all my life&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There's just no rhyme or reason&lt;br /&gt;Only this sense of completion&lt;br /&gt;And in your eyes&lt;br /&gt;I see the missing pieces&lt;br /&gt;I'm searching for&lt;br /&gt;I think I've found my way home&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I know that it might sound more than a little crazy&lt;br /&gt;But I believe...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I think I dreamed you into life&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I have been waiting all my life&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A thousand angels dance around you&lt;br /&gt;I am complete now that I've found you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I think I dreamed you into life&lt;br /&gt;I knew I loved you before I met you&lt;br /&gt;I have been waiting all my life&lt;br /&gt;(Repeat chorus 3x with chorus)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-2421616863630375383?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/2421616863630375383/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=2421616863630375383' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2421616863630375383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2421616863630375383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/i-knew-i-loved-you-savage-garden.html' title='I knew I loved you - Savage Garden'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5730447797885435678</id><published>2008-03-22T05:12:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-22T05:12:59.653-07:00</updated><title type='text'>清华校长送给毕业生的五句话，值得一看</title><content type='html'>方向比努力更重要Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;能力比知识更重要Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;健康比成绩更重要Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;生活比文凭更重要Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;情商比智商更重要Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;——清华大学校长留给毕业生的一段话Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;方向比努力重要。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;现在是讲究绩效的时代，公司、企业、政府，需要的是有能力且能与企业方向共同发展的人，而不是一味努力但却南辕北辙的人。自己适合哪些行业，哪些职业，有很多东西是先天决定的，只有充分地发掘自己的潜力，而不是总与自己的弱点对抗，一个人才能出人头地，就像现在很多企业招聘的时候，他们相信通过培训和教育可以让火鸡学会爬树，但是还是觉得选个松树方便一些。方向不对，再努力、再辛苦，你也很难成为你想成为的那种人。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;能力比知识重要。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;知识在一个人的构架里只是表象的东西，就相当于有些人可以在答卷上回答如何管理企业、如何解决棘手的问题、如何当好市长等等，但是在现实面前，他们却显得毫无头绪、不知所措，他们总是在问为什么会是这种情况，应该是哪种情况等等。他们的知识只是知识，而不能演化为能力，更不能通过能力来发掘他们的潜力。现在很多企业都在研究能力模型，从能力的角度来观察应聘者能否胜任岗位。当然，高能力不能和高绩效直接挂钩，能力的发挥也是在一定的机制、环境、工作内容与职责之内的，没有这些平台和环境，再高的能力也只能被尘封。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;健康比成绩重要。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;成绩只能代表过去，这是很多人已经认同的一句话。对于毕业后走入工作岗位的毕业生，学生阶段的成绩将成为永久的奖状贴在墙上，进入一个工作单位，就预示着新的竞赛，新的起跑线。没有健康的身心，如何应对变幻莫测的市场环境和人生变革，如何应对工作压力和个人成就欲的矛盾？而且在现代社会，拥有强健的身体已经不是最重要的，健康的心理越来越被提上日程，处理复杂的人际关系、承受挫折与痛苦、缓解压力与抑郁，这些都将成为工薪族乃至学生们常常面对的问题。为了防止英年早逝、过劳死，还是多注意一下身体和心理的健康投资吧。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;生活比文凭重要。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;曾经有一个故事，说有个记者问放羊的小孩，为什么放羊？答：为了挣钱，挣钱干啥？答：盖房子，盖房子干啥？答：娶媳妇，娶媳妇干啥？答:生孩子，生孩子干啥？答：放羊！Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;记得去年在人大听一个教授讲管理学基础课，他说你们虽然都是研究生，但很多人本质上还是农民！大家惊愕，窃窃私语。他说你们为什么读研究生，很多人是不是想找个好工作，找好工作为了什么，为了找个好老婆，吃喝住行都不错，然后生孩子，为了孩子的前途更光明，这些不就是农民的朴素想法吗？那个农民父母不希望自己的子女比自己更好？说说你们很多人是不是农民思想，什么时候，你能突破这种思维模式，你就超脱了。当这个社会看重文凭的时候，假文凭就成为一种产业，即使是很有能力的人，也不得不弄个文凭，给自己脸上贴点金。比起生活，文凭还重要吗？很多人找女朋友或者男朋友，把学历当作指标之一，既希望对方能够给他/她伴侣的温暖与浪漫，又希望他/她知识丰富、学历相当或更高，在事业上能蒸蒸日上；我想说，你找的是伴侣，不是合作伙伴，更不是同事，生活就是生活，这个人适合你，即使你是博士他/她斗大字不识一个，那也无所谓，适合就会和谐融洽，人比文凭更重要。很多成功的人在回头的时候都说自己太关注工作和事业了，最遗憾的是没有好好陪陪父母、爱人、孩子，往往还伤心落泪，何必呢，早意识到这些，多给生活一些空间和时间就可以了。我们没有必要活得那么累。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;情商比智商重要。Mitbbs.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;这个就很有意思了，大家忽然一下子对情商重视了起来，因为在新的世纪，情商将成为成功领导中最重要的因素之一。比如在许多员工和自己的亲人因恐怖袭击丧生的时刻，某公司CEO Mark Loehr让自己镇定下来，把遭受痛苦的员工们召集到一起，说：我们今天不用上班，就在这里一起缅怀我们的亲人，并一一慰问他们和亲属。在那一个充满阴云的星期，他用自己的实际行动帮助了自己和他的员工，让他们承受了悲痛，并把悲痛转化为努力工作的热情，在许多企业经营亏损的情况下，他们公司的营业额却成倍上涨，这就是情商领导的力量，是融合了自我情绪控制、高度忍耐、高度人际责任感的艺术。曾经有个记者刁难一位企业家：听说您大学时某门课重考了很多次还没有通过。这位企业家平静地回答：我羡慕聪明的人，那些聪明的人可以成为科学家、工程师、律师等等，而我们这些愚笨的可怜虫只能管理他们。要成为卓越的成功者，不一定智商高才可以获得成功的机会，如果你情商高，懂得如何去发掘自己身边的资源，甚至利用有限的资源拓展新的天地，滚雪球似得积累自己的资源，那你也将走向卓越&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5730447797885435678?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5730447797885435678/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5730447797885435678' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5730447797885435678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5730447797885435678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/blog-post_22.html' title='清华校长送给毕业生的五句话，值得一看'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6954679398112880732</id><published>2008-03-15T02:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-15T02:24:19.206-07:00</updated><title type='text'>哈佛Rejection Letter上最经典的一句话</title><content type='html'>Past experience suggestes that the particular college a student attends is far less important than what the student does to develop his or her strengths and talents over the next four years&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6954679398112880732?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6954679398112880732/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6954679398112880732' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6954679398112880732'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6954679398112880732'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/rejection-letter.html' title='哈佛Rejection Letter上最经典的一句话'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-9000228301280917359</id><published>2008-03-09T07:06:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-09T07:08:21.740-07:00</updated><title type='text'>I love to be loved by you</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/7BNeQVU6-z8"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/7BNeQVU6-z8" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can't believe I'm standing here&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Been waiting f... (more) &lt;br /&gt;Added: October 04, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;I can't believe I'm standing here&lt;br /&gt;Been waiting for so many years and&lt;br /&gt;Today I found the Queen to reign my heart&lt;br /&gt;You changed my live so patiently&lt;br /&gt;And turned it into something good and real&lt;br /&gt;I feel just like I felt in all my dreams&lt;br /&gt;There are questions hard to answer&lt;br /&gt;Can't you see...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chorus:&lt;br /&gt;Baby, tell me how can I tell you&lt;br /&gt;That I love you more than life&lt;br /&gt;Show me how can I show you&lt;br /&gt;That I'm blinded by your light&lt;br /&gt;When you touch me I can touch you&lt;br /&gt;To find out the dream is true&lt;br /&gt;I love to be loved by you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You're looking kind of scared right now&lt;br /&gt;You're waiting for the wedding vows&lt;br /&gt;But I don't know if my tongue's able to talk&lt;br /&gt;Your beauty is just blinding me&lt;br /&gt;Like sunbeams on a summer stream and&lt;br /&gt;I gotta close my eyes to protect me&lt;br /&gt;Can you take my hand and lead me&lt;br /&gt;From here please yeah...yeah...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chorus:&lt;br /&gt;Baby, tell me how can I tell you&lt;br /&gt;That I love you more than life&lt;br /&gt;Show me how can I show you&lt;br /&gt;That I'm blinded by your light&lt;br /&gt;When you touch me I can touch you&lt;br /&gt;To find out the dream is true&lt;br /&gt;I love to be loved, I need to be loved&lt;br /&gt;I love to be loved by you (less) &lt;br /&gt;Added: October 04, 2007&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-9000228301280917359?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/9000228301280917359/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=9000228301280917359' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/9000228301280917359'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/9000228301280917359'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/i-love-to-be-loved-by-you.html' title='I love to be loved by you'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-4642156994439699292</id><published>2008-03-09T06:56:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-09T06:56:41.383-07:00</updated><title type='text'>You Raise Me Up</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/62vC_jfPisc&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/62vC_jfPisc&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Song: You Raise Me Up&lt;br /&gt;Artist: Josh Groban&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I am down and, oh my soul, so weary;&lt;br /&gt;When troubles come and my heart burdened be;&lt;br /&gt;Then, I am still and wait here in the silence,&lt;br /&gt;Until you come and sit awhile with me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, so I can stand on mountains;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, to walk on stormy seas;&lt;br /&gt;I am strong, when I am on your shoulders;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up... To more than I can be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, so I can stand on mountains;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, to walk on stormy seas;&lt;br /&gt;I am strong, when I am on your shoulders;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up... To more than I can be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no life - no life without its hunger;&lt;br /&gt;Each restless heart beats so imperfectly;&lt;br /&gt;But when you come and I am filled with wonder,&lt;br /&gt;Sometimes, I think I glimpse eternity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, so I can stand on mountains;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, to walk on stormy seas;&lt;br /&gt;I am strong, when I am on your shoulders;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up... To more than I can be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, so I can stand on mountains;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up, to walk on stormy seas;&lt;br /&gt;I am strong, when I am on your shoulders;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up... To more than I can be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You raise me up... To more than I can be.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-4642156994439699292?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/4642156994439699292/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=4642156994439699292' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4642156994439699292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4642156994439699292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/you-raise-me-up.html' title='You Raise Me Up'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-7002764893997547616</id><published>2008-03-09T06:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-03-09T06:48:20.857-07:00</updated><title type='text'>面试须知的七件事</title><content type='html'>面试须知的七件事&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By Joe Turner, Career Coach&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many years ago when I hated what I was doing for a living, I was encouraged by my career coach to write down several short stories about times and events in my life where I influenced the outcome. I was stumped at first, but after a few days, I came up with more than 15 pages of stories of times in my life where I influenced the outcome and either grew myself and/or bettered the existence of either myself or others around me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;许多年前，我厌倦了自己赖以谋生的工作。我的职业教练鼓励我写下过去我影响了事件结果的几件事。开始这让我有些犯难，但几天后，我写了超过15页纸。这些是我影响了结果的事情；让我获得成长并且/或者给我或我周围的人带来了更好的生存。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what does this have to do with a job interview? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;这和面试有什么关系?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you read other books on job interviews, you'll notice they feed you lists of interview questions and answers to memorize. An interview is not an interrogation, however it's a conversation. To make it that way you need to come armed with a multitude of small stories about both your business and personal lives. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如果你去读一读其它有关工作面试的书，你就会注意到里面都是面试题目、还有要背诵的答案。面试不是审问。它是一次对话。要让它成为一次对话，你需要用那些“自己事业和个人生活”的小故事来“武装”自己。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you go into an interview, you need to leave your nerves at the door. The best way to prepare is to be yourself. The best way to be yourself is to tell your own story (or stories). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在参加面试的时候，你需要把紧张留在门外。最好的准备就是做本色的自我。做自我最好的办法就是说自己的故事(一个或多个）。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is especially great for the competency-based interview being used more today. In a traditional interview, the interviewer will ask you questions focused on whether you have the skills and knowledge needed to do the job. A competency-based interview goes further by asking you additional questions about your character and personal attributes that can better determine whether you fit their corporate culture. These are called "behavioral competencies." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对于如今基于能力的面试来说，这尤为重要。在传统面试中，面试官问你的问题集中在你是否具备工作中需要的能力或知识。能力面试会进一步问你有关性格、品质等能更准确地判断是否你适应企业文化的问题。这些被称之为“行为能力”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A competency-based interviewer will spend about half the interview on your job skills, and about half on your behavioral competencies. He or she will be looking for evidence of how you have acted in real situations in the past. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;能力测试面试官会花一半时间面试你的工作技能；另一半时间面试你的行为能力。他或她会去寻找过去你在现实情景中是如何表现的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An employer wants to find out &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;雇主想知道：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Are you an asset or liability? In other words, will you make money or save money for the company? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你是一项资产还是债务？换句话说，你会替公司赚钱还是省钱?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Are you a team player? Will you fit into the corporate hierarchy or be like sand in the gears? Can you take and give (if appropriate) orders? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你是否有团队精神？你能适应企业上下级关系吗？还是会格格不入？你能接受及下达命令吗（如果必须的话)？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Will you fit into the company culture? They don't want prima donnas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你能融入企业文化吗？公司不想要自我本位的人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The best way to show these traits is to take the initiative and have several personal stories that you can tell, taking maybe 30 to 90 seconds each. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;展现这些特质的最好方法就是采取主动；准备几个合适的故事；每个故事讲述时间在30-90秒。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You may want to start by developing your stories around these seven areas &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你也许希望从以下方面来构建你的故事：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Times where you either made money or saved money for your current or previous company.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你给当前或过去公司省钱/赚钱的经历。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. A crisis in your life or job and how you responded or recovered from it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你对生活或工作中曾出现的危机如何应对。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. A time where you functioned as part of a team and what your contribution was.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你在团队中的工作以及贡献。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. A time in your career or job where you had to overcome stress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你在过去工作中克服压力的经历。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. A time in your job where you provided successful leadership or a sense of direction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你在工作中成功发挥领导才能的经历。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. A failure that occurred in your job and how you overcame it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;你在工作上经历过的失败以及从失败中崛起的经历。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Any seminal events that happened during your career to cause you to change direction and how that worked out for you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;职业生涯中任何让你改变方向的重大事件；以及这些事件是如何影响你的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I want to emphasize that an interview should not be an interrogation. It should be a conversation between two equals. When you accomplish this you come away a step closer to your goal of landing the job you really want, because... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我想强调的是面试不应该是审问，应该是基于平等的一次谈话。做到这点后，你就会离你心仪工作又近一步，因为……&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's the conversation that wins an interview, and it's the conversation that wins the job. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;为你赢得面试机会的是对话；为你赢得工作的也是对话。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To have a conversation, have your stories ready. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;要进行对话；请准备好你的故事。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;（ZT）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=mysj&amp;MsgID=18067&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-7002764893997547616?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/7002764893997547616/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=7002764893997547616' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7002764893997547616'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7002764893997547616'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/blog-post.html' title='面试须知的七件事'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-1824908326109624013</id><published>2008-03-07T13:05:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-03-07T13:05:57.598-08:00</updated><title type='text'>That's What Friends are For</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/nvjFrouR4hI&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nvjFrouR4hI&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Title: That's What Friends are For&lt;br /&gt;Artist: Dionne Warick and Friends&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And I never thought I'd feel this way&lt;br /&gt;And as far as I'm concerned&lt;br /&gt;I'm glad I got the chance to say&lt;br /&gt;That I do believe I love you&lt;br /&gt;And if I should ever go away&lt;br /&gt;Well, then close your eyes and try to feel&lt;br /&gt;The way we do today&lt;br /&gt;And then if you can remember&lt;br /&gt;Keep smilin', keep shinin'&lt;br /&gt;Knowin' you can always count on me, for sure&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;For good times and bad times&lt;br /&gt;I'll be on your side forever more&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;Well, you came and opened me&lt;br /&gt;And now there's so much more I see&lt;br /&gt;And so by the way I thank you&lt;br /&gt;Whoa, and then for the times when we're apart&lt;br /&gt;Well, then close your eyes and know&lt;br /&gt;These words are comin' from my heart&lt;br /&gt;And then if you can remember, oh&lt;br /&gt;Keep smiling, keep shining&lt;br /&gt;Knowing you can always count on me, for sure&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;In good times, in bad times&lt;br /&gt;I'll be on your side forever more&lt;br /&gt;Oh, that's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;Whoa... oh... oh... keep smilin', keep shinin'&lt;br /&gt;Knowin' you can always count on me, for sure&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;For good times and bad times&lt;br /&gt;I'll be on your side forever more&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;Keep smilin', keep shinin'&lt;br /&gt;Knowin' you can always count on me, oh, for sure&lt;br /&gt;'Cause I tell you that's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;For good times and for bad times&lt;br /&gt;I'll be on your side forever more&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for (That's what friends are for)&lt;br /&gt;On me, for sure&lt;br /&gt;That's what friends are for&lt;br /&gt;Keep smilin', keep shinin'&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-1824908326109624013?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/1824908326109624013/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=1824908326109624013' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1824908326109624013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1824908326109624013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/thats-what-friends-are-for.html' title='That&apos;s What Friends are For'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5456480437474641191</id><published>2008-03-07T12:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-03-07T12:57:55.571-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Same Side Of The Moon</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/lQiwe4nHiAo&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/lQiwe4nHiAo&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Song: Same Side Of The Moon&lt;br /&gt;Artist: Corrinne May&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm looking out the window &lt;br /&gt;Where we sat to watch the stars &lt;br /&gt;There's a chill within the air &lt;br /&gt;It makes my heart long for your touch &lt;br /&gt;You may be miles away &lt;br /&gt;But as I kneel to pray &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I see the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;That we'll be looking on when the world turns blue &lt;br /&gt;And know that time and space can't come between me and you &lt;br /&gt;We share the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;And though you'll never see all the tears shine through &lt;br /&gt;I know I can't be that far from you &lt;br /&gt;If we're both looking on the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I picture you across the ocean &lt;br /&gt;In your corner of the world &lt;br /&gt;I pray the wind will blow my voice &lt;br /&gt;And gently whisper in your ear &lt;br /&gt;Your night may be my day &lt;br /&gt;And though the seasons change &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's still the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;That we'll be looking on when the world turns blue &lt;br /&gt;And know that time and space can't come between me and you &lt;br /&gt;We share the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;And though you'll never see all the tears shine through &lt;br /&gt;I know I can't be that far from you &lt;br /&gt;If we're both looking on the same side of the moon &lt;br /&gt;I know I can't be that far from you &lt;br /&gt;If we're both looking on the same side of the moon  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=mysj&amp;MsgID=17950&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5456480437474641191?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5456480437474641191/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5456480437474641191' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5456480437474641191'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5456480437474641191'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/03/same-side-of-moon.html' title='Same Side Of The Moon'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3831374415789838416</id><published>2008-02-21T10:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-21T10:28:37.080-08:00</updated><title type='text'>一个普通的许三多为何感动那么多中国人?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R73CoGWsTJI/AAAAAAAAAOk/GR1q9gFvjkE/s1600-h/xsd.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R73CoGWsTJI/AAAAAAAAAOk/GR1q9gFvjkE/s400/xsd.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5169501941447543954" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;英国广播公司20日发表江迅的评论文章“少了真诚 多了浮躁”，认为当前中国浮躁之风甚嚣尘上，但文章又同时认为，当前人们对电视剧《士兵突击》中的主要人物之一许三多的追捧表明，心怀真诚正是当前民众所需。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　文章说，短信是自己写的，才是一种真诚。转发短信，显得那么浮躁。心浮气躁，急功近利，敷衍了事的风潮，浮躁成了这个社会的一种通病。靠走快捷方式而获利的人，成了人们追崇的对象，股指不时升高，看到别人一夜暴富，自己按捺不住了，全民炒股成为风潮；各地电视台的选秀节目你方唱罢我登场，众多选手转战东西南北，只图一夜成名，浮躁之风甚嚣尘上。浮躁是一种病态心理。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　文章指出，如今，“许三多”在中国走红，还大步走向世界。1月13日，美国《芝加哥论坛报》载文《在中国，人人都爱许三多》：“在当今中国，拉关系和巧算计似乎才能确保功成名就，仅仅百折不挠往往不能奏效，许三多心怀真诚，以艰苦付出取得成功的决心，令人振聋发聩。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;《士兵突击》"许三多"剧照[资料图片]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　许三多，电视剧《士兵突击》中的主要人物之一。在过去的2007年，这部电视剧红遍大江南北，虚拟人物许三多还上了全球最大的搜索引擎之一“百度”的图标。许三多，一个来自农村的孩子，迟钝、木讷、憨厚，让人感觉他脑袋总是“少根筋”似的而忍不住想抽他揍他。在兵营，他待人真诚，凭着自己的不放弃，一个人竟修了一条路，独自看守连队，成了特种兵，而最终成为“兵王”。他有句名言：“好好活，就是做有意义的事；做有意义的事，就是好好活。”人的“活着”是要真诚而有质量的，这就意味着心态不能浮躁，要做有意义的事，做了有意义的事，才活得更精彩。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　文章认为，一个普普通通的许三多，让那么多中国人感动了，原本不用感动不必感动的事，大家却为之感动，那这个浮躁社会的某一个链条肯定出了问题。多年前那个场景至今难忘：湖南省娄底市七一煤矿透水事故，16名遇难矿工之一的聂清文在安全帽上，用粉笔留下遗言，“骨肉亲情难分舍，欠我娘200元，我欠邓曙华100元，龚泽民欠我50元，我在信用社给周吉生借1000元，王小文欠我1000元，矿里押金1650元，其它还有工资”。这个一文不名的矿工，在被困井下生命垂危时，写下郑重的承诺，也写下对人生的真诚。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　文章最后说，浮躁是一个黑洞，无声无息中吞噬着人们的本来宁静而真诚的灵魂。在静寂的丽江古城，有一个客栈，名字叫“等一个人”。宁静坦然真诚，并有所期待，那种等待的感觉很细腻，很舒心。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://news.wenxuecity.com/messages/200802/news-gb2312-530160.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3831374415789838416?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3831374415789838416/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3831374415789838416' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3831374415789838416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3831374415789838416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post_21.html' title='一个普通的许三多为何感动那么多中国人?'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R73CoGWsTJI/AAAAAAAAAOk/GR1q9gFvjkE/s72-c/xsd.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-4383255781856714872</id><published>2008-02-16T06:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-16T06:40:55.837-08:00</updated><title type='text'>方文山北大演讲：华人是一个没有质感的民族(图)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R7b1wWWsTII/AAAAAAAAAOc/-apA1dD2ddM/s1600-h/f.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R7b1wWWsTII/AAAAAAAAAOc/-apA1dD2ddM/s400/f.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5167587833437506690" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;很高兴来到北京大学和各位同学进行这场文化上的交流与经验的分享。我今天所要演讲的题目是：“一个没有质感的民族。”我在这里所指的民族，不是别人，就是我们华人自己。而华人一词的称谓泛指包括内地、台湾、香港、星马、与东南亚一带的传统华侨，以及美加地区的华裔新移民等。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　我想可能很多同学都已注意到，我写了很多所谓“中国风”的歌词作品，譬如《娘子》、《双截棍》、《爷爷泡的茶》、《东风破》，还有最近的《菊花台》、《千里之外》等。其实这些歌词中浓厚的古诗词韵味并不是偶然间产生的，作品是最能够反映一个人的价值观跟性格的。一直以来我就是一个民族意识很重的人，长期性的关注跟民族、传统、与文化相关联的议题。当我这种文化意识跟音乐相结合起来时，就自然而然的孕育出所谓“中国风”的歌词，这是首先跟大家解释为何我会创作出如此倾向的作品。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　现在开始进入我们的主题。我长期以来观察到一个现象，那就是，我认为我们华人并不是一个很有“质感”的民族。所谓的“质感”指的就是一个东西的材质、与它外观上的美学设计，及其整体的精致度。我们会喜欢买一些价钱偏高的名牌包，譬如LV、Gucci等，是因为直觉的就喜欢那些名牌所代表的价值与品味。一般人总是很自然的会去追求名牌衣饰的质感，但却忽略了买此类商品的人，其本身却往往没有什么质感。我对台湾比较熟，所以现主要以我在台湾所观察到的现象举例。像一些在北市闹区逛街的年轻女生，很多时候的穿着并不是很协调：她可能上身套一件优雅的洋装，下半身却穿着嘻哈风的牛仔裤，然后脚上硬生生的一双廉价的夹趾拖鞋。当然此类的造型，某些时候美其名为混搭，问题是，大部份的人都搭配的很没有风格。常常自己的穿着品味的调性并不具备一致性，没有基本的美学素养，但却盲目地去追求名牌，这是精神错乱式的荒谬。大部份的消费者在挑选商品时，都懂得会去追求衣服、皮包、汽车等物品的质感。因为美的东西其价值是有共通性的，没有人不喜欢美的东西。但大家在拼命追求商品外在质感的同时，却常常忽略了自身对穿着打扮很基本的美学素养，变成需借助与依赖这些名牌的材质去衬托自己的行情。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　举例来说，以台湾人对婚嫁与丧礼等此类人生大事的态度来看，台湾人对美的基本尊重，便已严重的不及格。那是个应该要很庄严的场合，但来参加的来宾中通常都一定会有人直接就穿夹趾拖鞋或是汗衫来。不管是尊重已往生的死者，或对婚礼上正沐浴喜悦中的男女双方而言，穿载整齐是合乎礼的一个最起码的要求，但大多数的人却不这么严肃看待。我们再观看时下流行音乐的MTV，或是正在热门档期中的国片，如果你有心观察的话你会发现，明明就是华人的电影、华人的歌手，但只要有婚礼或葬礼出现的场景就一定是西式的，因为大家都觉得西式丧礼比较肃穆，而西式的婚礼的确也比较浪漫。要拍唯美的婚礼就一定上教堂，尽管男女主角并不是基督徒。难道是因为大家都觉得西式的婚丧形式比较有美，比较适合戏剧上的表现吗？台湾很多电影和MV的场景，都喜欢用西式的婚礼和葬礼去呈现。莫非因为华人的婚礼的形式比较吵杂、丧礼的仪式比较低俗？所以比较不适合表现在强调美学构图，与故事张力的戏剧上！？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　现再以城市为例来说明，不禁要问为何大多数华人居住的地区都不是很有质感。城市建筑是国家形象最具体的象征。但在台北市，据我所知，大楼外观的建筑形式与色彩调性从来就没有被规范过。市区街上，每个店面的装潢都很有特色，看的出有某种美学的追求，都可以被独栋独店的欣赏。但你只要把镜头一拉开，一扩大，用较大的视野全方位的去看整条街、整个城市的轮廓，你就会发现根本就杂乱无章，城市基调混乱，房子盖的毫无章法。一个城市的建筑反映了一个民族的质感。有质感的东西是可以深入骨髓的，那是文化底蕴浓稠度的一种展现。当你犹如追星族去追求昂贵的舶来品时，实际上正是以某种自卑的心态去追求你自己认为有价值的东西，一种心理上的反差与补偿心理。而台北就像个浓妆艳抹下的模特儿，急于讨好国际上的眼光，却根本就已模糊了自己原本的面貌，完全没有了自己的风格。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　台湾的一些老旧建筑，比如传统的四合院、日据时期留下的官舍等。这些建筑如果屋瓦毁损了，一般就用很简单很便宜的铁片去搭盖。很少有人会按原先建筑的形式，用原来的建材、风格去修复，这其实就是对传统文化的一种漠视，因为从没有人认为恢复古厝的外观是一件很重要的事，也几乎没人实际这么做。四年前当我初次来北京时，我发现北京很多胡同、四合院都在拆，因为要迎接奥运。那时候我和出版社的人去那些待拆的胡同捡拾门牌，比如刻有“某某胡同”的门牌，我喜欢那种带着旧时记忆象征性的小东西。虽然知道拆掉那些老旧胡同是为了整个城市建设的需要，可我心里还是觉得很可惜。因为“胡同”是北京的城市建筑的象征，也是一种有形的文化资产。当观光客来到上海、香港、台北，北京等华人聚集的城市闹区时，只要不把镜头对准那些具有象征性的地标，你根本就分不清楚你现在位于哪个城市，因为它门所有建筑结构都是西式的，所有的大楼都是玻璃帷幕，或钢骨结构，每个城市的景观都很像。上述那些城市都只有林立的建筑而没有城市文化。胡同是北京的一种象征，外地人来北京看到胡同会感受到一种文化的具体表现。当然，不拆这些胡同也无法大幅度地去建设或改进交通，这也是两难。其实刚开始我老觉得那些旧建筑拆了可惜，但后来发现如果不拆，它整体看起来也是破破旧旧的，散发一种家道中落破败的感觉，一个衰弱的王朝的象征，外观老旧斑驳，也并不是那么吸引人。那到底哪里出了问题呢？是我们传统的建筑形式根本就不适合现代生活的需要吗？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　我小时候看过一些欧洲小镇的风景明信片，当时以为那只是为了拍照印刷好看，而特地去找来很罕见的景致，目的也只是为了让画面更赏心悦目。一直到后来才知道风景明信片里的村庄是真的都有人居住，那不是欧洲版的中影文化城、他们是一整个村庄、一整个城市，甚至整个国家的风景都是如此的美。我以为明信片上美丽的风景只是在取景时回避掉某些角度，只单拍这个景（比如一座古堡、一段城墙），就像美编过的电影海报一样。后来看了一些在欧洲取景的电影，藉由镜头360度的回转，发现他们是整座村庄、整个城市都是一种统一的色调与建筑风格。台湾的老建筑通常只是得到“点”的保留。所谓的“点”就是一栋独立的建筑物被评为三级古迹，但附近就只有它孤零零的一栋古迹而已，在它旁边很可能是一栋钢筋水泥的玻璃帷幕大楼。古迹旁边的景观视野通常并没有被重视与限建。所以对古迹的保护，很难形成一条线、一个面。当然还有个更重要的原因是，台湾根本也没有年代久远且数量庞大到能够让人连成一条街的古建筑群，更别说能够形成一个像村镇一样面积的古城区，这是做梦都不会发生的事。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　欧洲有很多中世纪的古建筑，它数量庞大到轻易就能连成一条街，以及一个构成一个村庄。欧洲对于城市建筑的外在色调，很重视其一致性，在盖新的建筑时，会考虑到建物本身与周遭环境的配合，譬如建物外观的颜色、风格，不能太突兀。整个城市的规划和外形是一致的。像捷克首都布拉格的城市基本调性，就是红瓦、白墙，整齐的天际线，犹如童话世界一般。而同样都是老建筑，北京胡同的高度却都只有一楼高，就算不拆，外观上也很低矮，不会很新颖。北京胡同的基调就是灰色的，屋顶的瓦与墙上的砖都是同一种色调，一种保守而没有生气的“灰”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　一个民族美学的素养与人的质感是反映在各个方面的。在台湾，有些人就直接在路边摊上狼吞虎咽的吃起东西。你说这是风土人情也罢，说是生活习惯也行，但在路边摊翘起二郎腿来吃东西，而旁边就有人在洗碗筷。其实既不卫生也不美观。但大多数的人都认为无所谓，也不觉得哪里不对劲。问题是，如此一来，街道就像是工寮，整个城市的景观就被破坏了。还有很多民众家里私人的装潢空间都很讲究设计感，布置的很漂亮，但只要一出了门，到了公有地，就不再会去关心周遭环境的景观。那种心态好像只要是公众的利益，大家就默不关心，自私的心态赤裸裸的显露无遗。这现象好像还不只有台北会发生，香港、上海，以及北京等地，居民的心态与状况也没有改善到哪里去。大部分人不会去在意城市整体景观的维护与协调，甚至花一点时间做环保义工都不愿意，但对于私人住宅，花再多钱装潢都毫不心软。　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　其实美学的鉴赏是需要从小到大一点一滴的教育，向下扎根，慢慢培养。这种公民意识的形成是需要花很长的时间去蕴酿，养成一整个民族的素质则更需要几百年，甚至上千年。对我而言，出国旅游是投资报酬率最高的行为，尤其是到历史悠久，人文荟萃的欧洲国家。因为他们整个民族花了几百年、甚至上千年时间建立起来的文明，你可能只需一、二万人民币就能浏览他们细心维护下的城市景观，那其实是很震摄人心的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　第二次世界大战期间，布拉格的捷克守军为了维护古城的完整，宁愿选择投降，也不忍先人所耗费心力所建立的城市文明成为瓦砾。而几乎在同一时间，远在东方的中国，在抗战时期却做了完全不同的选择。当时湖南长沙聚集了许多战备物资，国民党为避免日军掠夺这些物资，但又不想浪费一兵一卒去守城，折损自己部队的战力。不待日军进攻，竟自行纵火焚烧整座长沙古城，引发中外著名的《文夕大火》。一个屹立数百年古色古香的长沙城就这样瞬间化为灰尘。当政者就为了保存自己的军力，还有所谓的面子，竟可毫不顾及历代祖先辛苦营建的心血。反观捷克的守军，宁愿当代的自己受辱投降，也不愿历代祖先的心血化为乌有。两相对比之下，不禁令人感概万分。完全不同文化背景所熏陶下的民族，对自身文化遗产的态度，及其所下的决定迥然不同， 当然命运也就不一样。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　我们的城市规划主要还是以建设、商业为目的去进行。台湾的老旧建筑汰旧换新的速度很快，现举台湾特有的“眷村”为例。所谓“眷村”就是当初跟国民党部队撤退到台湾去的那些军人与眷属所住的地方，其村落设置的地点遍布台湾各地。但政府从来就不认为那些眷村有保留的价值，因为它实际上也就四、五十年的历史，因为要百年以上的建物才够资格被认定为古迹。但如果现在连这种四、五十年的建物都不设法保留而一律拆毁的话，那到底台湾要怎么累积百年以上的建物呢？“眷村”它代表的是一个族群(外省人)共同的生活记忆。台湾的政府就是如此的不尊重住民的历史记忆，这是一个可以用来衡量为政者到底有没有“文化质感”的一个指标。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　有外国人说，台北是一个最没有自己风格与气质的城市。在台湾,任何人长大后回到十几二十年前的家乡，几乎都已找不到儿时的记忆空间，因为改建的速度很快。可能小时候看过的树、走过的桥、和邻居小孩玩耍的树林全部都因为改建而消失，几乎再也找不到共同记忆，因为共同记忆都被拆光了。建筑物本身所代表的历史记忆不被认为是有意义的。你能够想够想象你儿时生活过的地方，游戏过的公园、住过的小巷、吃过的小馆子，这些生活记忆十几二十年后都彻底的消失是个怎样的状况吗？而台湾每天都在重复一样的戏码，拆了又盖，盖了又拆。我想北京现阶段为了迎接奥运，老旧建筑拆得很快。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在台湾，传统节日时很多人会来参加庙会的活动，比如迎神赛会、舞龙舞狮，但他们的穿著却很奇怪：上面的传统服装可能是唐衫或道袍，下面却是牛仔裤甚至是拖鞋。他没有意识到一个小细节的维护就是对传统的尊重。但这也不是台湾独有的现象，我透过报章杂志、与网络信息的了解，也很少看到内地有哪个城市的居民会集体在那个传统节日穿着传统服装出来一起庆祝。国外比如西班牙、法国、意大利等国家的传统节庆，整个小镇的居民都会不约而同自发性的穿载起传统服装，那画面很令人感动。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　现在大家拼命在讲全球化，但大家有没有想过，出国旅游什么最吸引你？就是那迥然不同的文化差异。去印度，看到印度教的僧侣在冥想；去西班牙，看到他们在斗牛；去南美洲感受桑巴舞；去日本看他们传统的樱花祭，就是那股异国的情调与神秘感在吸引着我们。如果全世界的建筑都盖一模一样，所有的人穿着打扮也都一个样，饮食、庆典、风土民情也不再有各自的特色，那其实已经没有观光的必要了，因为去到哪里都是一样的。所以就我的认知，全球化应该指的是经贸方面的交流，而绝对不应该是文化上的统一。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　台湾很多歌手都喜欢去国外拍MV，比如意大利的罗马、日本的北海道，拍出来都很宏伟、精致与耐看。但我却没有发现过有外国歌手的MV来台湾取景。因为我们的市容不整齐，整个镜头一拉开，这边可能是钢筋水泥的建筑，那边可能是四合院，景观的调性很不一致。我去了好几趟日本，日本人对传统聚落的维持一直很用心保存的良好，去那取景所拍出来的MV也很耐看。最讽刺的就是，比如青岛的租界区、上海的十里洋场了。这些曾被殖民者占据过的地方，都反而留下了为数不少而且很有质感的西式建筑。青岛这城市的天际线、上海外滩上林立的大楼都很漂亮。这不免有些讽刺，怎么那些占领时期所留下的建筑都保存得这么好？甚至已变成这些城市建筑里最美的元素。那我们是否应该感谢曾被占领过呢？否则那里来这么好的建筑艺术。 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　前一阵子我去北京王府井闲逛时看到一个外国教堂，教会对教堂的建筑外观通常都很讲究的，那整个教堂就维持的就很好。因为王府井的整条街都是近代才兴建起的西式办公大楼，看不到任何一栋有传统风格的中式建筑。虽然王府井号称是北京最古老的一条商业街，但我所看到最古老的建筑，却是那座外国教堂。除非有人告诉我这是曾经是清朝的最热闹的商业街，否则我根本就完全看不出来那里曾是所谓的百年老街。台湾状况也是如此，日本占领时期留下了很多漂亮的巴洛克建筑，台湾的一些重要的政府机关都还一直沿用这些建筑。这问题跟上海外滩一样都很反讽，台北市最精致的建筑元素也都是当初的占领者所留下来的。大家有没有想过到底问题出在那呢？莫非中式的古建筑不大气，建筑的格局与形式无法适应现代社会的要求！ 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　就我的认知，新加坡可能是一个特外，它是一个由移民的华人所成立的国家，国家本身的历史不长但他们却很重视自己的传统文化，有些旧式的建筑保存得很好，他们认为那是国家的象征，甚至是观光旅游的资源。而且新加坡人大概是所有的华人中最守法的，其国民的法治观念很强，整体而言，素质较高。 　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　常常我们旅游到了欧洲国家，你会发现他们都很注重与维护自己传统建筑的外观，当地住民也很重视自己独特的节庆。常在传统节日穿戴起自己国家的民族服装，整条街道、整个村庄的人都盛装出席。这点是自诩为文明古国的我们所不及的。我很少，甚至可说没有见过在什么中秋或端午节等传统节日看见我们华人会整个村庄的人特地穿着传统服饰去庆祝。我今天所谈到的都是一些自己的观察和心得，并非严谨的学术调查，因为我想认真的调查起来或许问题更严重。这些发生在你我身边随时随地都在上演的文化现象，各位同学不妨偶尔静下心来观察，绝对会让你有完全不一样的体悟。我一向很关注这些文化现象，有自己所坚持的价值观。后来我的文字因缘际会的跟杰伦的音乐相结合，所以才创作出那么多“中国风”的歌曲来，并且很荣幸的得到了许多人的肯定与喜爱。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　讲到质感的问题，在这里不得不提到日本这个国家。日本人很奇怪，他对中国人一直有种崇古蔑今的心态。他们极度崇拜古代的中国，像《西游记》、《封神榜》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》等典故，他们都很熟悉，甚至比中国内地的一些少数民族都还要熟悉。他们不仅崇拜而且还继承下了一些中华文化。比如日本的小学生到现在还有书道比赛，国家也很重视书法这项传统，也并不认为这是外国的东西。如果到东京街头，随便找个路人问他们关羽、张飞、孔子、孙悟空等，他们都知道是谁，甚至已经将他们吸收进自己文化里，并且消化成电动玩具、漫画等等。 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　我去过日本，发现他们对美学设计是很讲究的，整个城市里的居民穿着打扮都有很自己的风格，也就是有型。街道很干净，连一个排水沟的盖子都有城市的特有标志。整个街道的招牌、店面，都很素雅。他们很重视产品的包装；也很重视古建筑的维护。美学的观念很发达。如果说拿中国文化跟西方文明来强加比较，或许有人会说因为文化的源头不一样，思维本来就会不一样，因为一开始他们的建筑、绘画、音乐等文化的方向就跟我们不一样。如果你是这样认为的话。那么日本就是最好比较的对象了，一样受儒家学说影响并且在使用汉字的东方人，文化源头的同构型很高。但他们对传统文化却很用心去维系，举凡茶道、剑道、书道、能剧，以及成年礼等，还有相扑。相扑是一个国际运动项目，延续了几千年都不曾中断。我觉得这是很值得我们去观察、比较的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　一般而言，电影、MV中如有需要出现婚丧的场景，有需要唯美的画面时，通常剧组都会整队拉去教堂拍摄，或是到充满十字架的墓园取景。就算没有受过正统美学的教育和训练，一般我们人的眼睛都还是会凭直觉分辨出好跟不好，美与不美。每当我看到犹太人逃难的纪录片时，我就深感讶异，五、六十年前犹太人逃难时的穿著，甚至在市区被德军集体遣送时的服装都是很整齐，有一定的素质：男性都穿西装大衣，戴帽子；女性则都会拿个小皮夹，或拎个皮包之类的；也没看到任何一个犹太小孩是打赤脚的。此时他们的身份是难民，但其民族整体表现出来的教育水平，则很令人敬佩与感慨。犹太人是一个很优秀的民族，这个民族出了许许多多几乎与其人口数等量的科学家与艺术家，对人类文明的贡献是很大。我个人觉得他们是个质感很高的民族。我以前在想为何关于二次大战跟犹太人相关的电影拍不完呢？原来因为他们之中很多人都是科学家、艺术家，每个人对美学的追求有基本的素养，整个民族文化的有一定层次的水平，所以这里面很多关于心理层面的故事可以发掘用来拍电影。但关于我们被日军侵略迫害的电影，至今我还没有看到一部很好看、拍的有质感的。我常在反思，到底是因为我们的电影工业不强，还是因为种族的心理层面很肤浅，没有东西可以发掘的？如果你个人不要求与累积身为人的质感，最后极可能就会影响到整体文化份量的累积。 　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　举个最极端的例子。假设一百年前有颗陨石从外层空间掉到地球，刚好就落在中国的正中央，整个中华民族从此消失了，但旁边的国家都完全没有被波及。那么回过头来看百年后的今天，现阶段世界上各项的科技文明，与现代化的生活水平都还是会维持着，没有丝毫的影响。并没有因为我们消失了，整个人类文明倒退一百年。现代文明会不中断的持续，还是一样会发明手机、DV、电话、网络、飞机和汽车等，所有的物质文明一样都不会缺少。因为一百年前，我们的国家和民族处于十分衰落的境地，对世界的文明进展并没有太大的贡献。简而言之，假设一百年前中华民族彻底绝灭了，我们来看现在的科技文明，也不会缺少了什么东西。还有受过大学教育的人都知道，当你学习晋升到某个阶段时都会直接读英文原文书，尤其是医学、数学、物理、化学等领域。也就是摆明了说，近代的汉字文明有其严重的断层，读到某些高等教育时，汉字就完全无用武之地，再也无法提供学习所需的养份了。 　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　教育是提升民族质感一个很关键的因素。如果一个民族不重视现代化的教育，对自己的传统文化又缺少认同感，长期以往，教育的资源分配不均，造成本国人民的素质参疵不齐，你可能人口很多，但并没有等量的优秀。当然在座的各位同学无庸置疑的都很优秀，是金字塔顶层出类拔粹的北大学生，但若跟内地庞大的人口数相比，人数还是少的可怜。反观犹太人，犹太人大概是世界上种族质感最高的民族之一了。犹太人虽然颠沛流离，去很多国家都被歧视，受到很多限制，比如不得从事什么工作等，但在这种环境下，他们反而更努力地去维系与巩固自己的传统文化，对自身民族的文化认同感很强。一个民族一定要对自己文化有很强的认同感，才会塑造出自己的风格，形成自己的美学观，这无形中也带动了国家创意产业的发展。我今天强调的是，如果个人不重视与提升自己的质感，不管是在教育训练、穿着打扮、以及美学设计等各个方面，那么你我这个没有质感的个体，将会像癌症般慢慢的影响它周遭的人事物。最后，影响到一个团体、一个公司、甚至一个城市、一个社会，以及一整个民族。 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　我希望大家先从重视自己本身所谓“华人”的民族气质与质感开始。除了使用与欣赏国际名牌的质感外，同时也要了解那些品牌之所以能够在国际市场屹立不摇的原因，正是因为他们对美学品味的追求从不懈怠。你不能只是为了暴发户式的证明你穿戴得起名牌，但却对自己服装上的褡配品味完全不会，或者根本不协调。名牌在你身上反而呈现出俗艳的质感。例假日时我自己常在台北郊区开车闲逛，眼睛每次总会停留在刚刚惊鸿一瞥路过的日式官舍、闽南式四合院，以及古厝周遭景色调性很一致的风景上。如果你可以在一百年前就展开环绕全球性的自助旅行，那你肯定是很幸福的，因为那时还没有全球化，所有国家的建筑都具备浓厚的本民族特色。譬如你到了越南的河内，看到的就是越式风情；到东京，看到的就是和式建筑；不论去到任何一个国家与民族，他们穿的衣服和城市的建筑都有着很鲜明的本民族特色。这时你看到的是一个完整的，传承自身文化的国家，没有外来的文化杂质，整座城市，不论是传统建筑，人民身上的服饰，其文化的调性都很一致，可以想象那真是一种铺天盖地属于本民族极致美学的画面。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但现在因为全球化的缘故，所有民族的传统服饰、所有国家的建筑、所有的价值观、所有的美学几乎都被现代化了，也就是所谓的西化，大家都采取同一种标准在看事情。像工厂同一套模具的输出品一样，城市与城市间的建筑，人民与人民间的穿著，格局越来越像，打扮越来越一样。我觉得这真的很可惜，很多不同文化体系的美不见了，很多独特的思维也就会跟着消失了。我们会重视物种的灭绝，假如青蛙、蝴蝶消失了一两个品种，就觉得很可惜。可是对于自己的文化、语言、文字正在快速的消失，我们难道就没有查觉那里不对劲吗？没有任何警觉吗？ 　　&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我一直都很喜欢汉字，尤其是传统的繁体字，是因为汉字是现今世界上唯一的表意文字，其它所有的文字都是拼音文字。不论是从拉丁文衍生出的法文、英文、德文，或是中东世界通用的阿拉伯文，或是我们亚洲近邻的韩文、泰文、以及日本的假名等，这些全都是以字母为发音基楚的拼音文字，地球上现还在通用并且流传的活文字里，唯有汉字是唯一一种尚在使用的表意文字，这是一项何等骄傲的事情啊！在现今强调物种多元、文化多元的国际社会，相异于基督教文明与回教传统的东方文化，其地位显得很特别。维护中华文化中独一无二与无可被取代的特性，更显其有意义。最后恳请大家重视今天所讨论的议题，当一个有质感的华人，就从你我间的改变开始……谢谢大家！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://news.wenxuecity.com/messages/200802/news-gb2312-527426.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-4383255781856714872?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/4383255781856714872/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=4383255781856714872' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4383255781856714872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4383255781856714872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post.html' title='方文山北大演讲：华人是一个没有质感的民族(图)'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R7b1wWWsTII/AAAAAAAAAOc/-apA1dD2ddM/s72-c/f.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6471117864042095672</id><published>2008-01-28T14:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-28T15:01:07.062-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Blood of Yingzhou District (颍州的孩子）</title><content type='html'>最近，天天网上浏览，中国现在的兴旺与发展。 说实话， 心里有种无形的自豪和兴奋。&lt;br /&gt;其实早就听说颍州的孩子， 这个片子了， 只是一直没有静下心来去看， 去了解。今天也是偶尔看到了。看完后，心里久久不能平静， 现在的中国， 一边是繁华的都市，可以和世界上任何一个城市相媲美， 另一方面， 是平穷的农村。人们为了生存， 以卖血为经济来源。  AIDS 成了许多家庭， 村庄的梦魇。突然之间， 不知道如何去思考。因为成天沉浸在中国经济今年赶超德国，明天房价涨了百分之几， 手里的股票又涨了百分之几的喜悦当中。 生活的弱者何去何从呢？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;两字：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;无语。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/KwlbDssf-Ec&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/KwlbDssf-Ec&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" 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value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qBnzIY4BSr0&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qBnzIY4BSr0&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6471117864042095672?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6471117864042095672/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6471117864042095672' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6471117864042095672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6471117864042095672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/blood-of-yingzhou-district.html' title='The Blood of Yingzhou District (颍州的孩子）'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5390121816658895015</id><published>2008-01-23T10:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T10:50:13.087-08:00</updated><title type='text'>能源问题，我们有更好的办法吗？</title><content type='html'>1升海水生产300升汽油不是梦 &lt;br /&gt;一个旨在最终解决人类能源问题的宏大计划正在推进当中，中国在其间已经担当重要角色。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;这一计划的正式名称是国际热核聚变实验堆项目（简称“ITER”），俗称“人造太阳”计划。基于核聚变反应堆的聚变电站是解决人类未来能源问题的一个希望。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;科学家设想，核聚变产生的能源能够走入寻常百姓家，人类一开灯，就是核聚变产生的电力。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中国在这一研究领域已经进入了国际先进水平。1月13日，胡锦涛总书记来到位于安徽合肥的中国科学院等离子体物理研究所，详细了解这里的超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置的有关科技问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“人造太阳”计划离真正的商业运行有多远？在能源危机日趋严重的今天，核聚变研究对于终极解决人类能源问题有何意义？近日，本报记者来到合肥“科学岛”进行采访。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;合肥“科学岛”上的超导托卡马克核聚变装置。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融在EAST实验装置前&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;近日，ITER项目即将在法国动工的消息，让“人造太阳”计划进入公众视野。位于安徽省合肥市西部的“科学岛”，吸引了众多关注者的目光。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;人造太阳 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;核聚变装置工作原理和太阳工作原理相似，能量能转化为电能 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“科学岛”是中国核聚变研究的重要基地，世界上第一台全超导托卡马克核聚变（EAST）实验装置就是在这个岛上研制成功的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一年多以前，中国科学院等离子体物理研究所历时8年研究开发的EAST实验装置首次成功试验。通过这一装置，科学家能够对受控核聚变开展探索性的实验研究，从而为未来稳定、安全、高效的商业核聚变堆提供物理和工程技术基础。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;EAST超导托卡马克运行总负责人、东华大学教授罗家融解释说：“从能量概念的角度，这个装置被形象地称为人造太阳。太阳是一个巨大的发光体，同时释放出大量能量。核聚变装置就是要模仿太阳的环境，使之产生核聚变反应，产生中子，然后释放出能量。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;核聚变装置的工作原理和太阳有着异曲同工之妙。太阳巨大的能量来自核聚变反应。在太阳的中心，温度高达2000万摄氏度，在高温高压条件下，氢原子核聚变成氦原子核，并释放出大量能量。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;科学家发现，在人类比较了解的聚变反应中，氢的两种同位素氘和氚的聚变效率最高，氘和氚结合变成氦，同时能释放出巨大的能量。这些能量在转化后，可以成为电能等各种能量。这就是人造太阳的原理。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但“人造太阳”并非高高悬挂在空中，而且EAST实验装置与真正的人造太阳相差甚远。EAST实验装置的核心部件是一个高12米、重400多吨的落地圆柱体大容器，它被安置在一栋封闭的建筑物内。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;昂贵设备 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;建成花了3.2亿元，外围装备花了1.95亿元，每年需要3600万元运行费 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1月17日，记者走进EAST实验大厅，工作人员正在忙碌着。几天前，胡锦涛总书记来到这里，详细了解超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置的科技问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;记者在现场看到，“人造太阳”实验装置的核心部件是一个巨大的容器。在这个大容器的附近，放置着一些辅助设备。“几年后如果你再来，你会看到在核心部件的旁边，铺满了各种各样的外围设备。”罗家融说。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融告诉记者，这个实验大厅于2001年开始建造，包括设备所在的大楼在内，共耗费了5年的建造时间。大楼的顶层和天花板都浇注了水泥，在顶层和天花板的水泥之间，灌注了1米深的水。“水是用来防范中子辐射的，它吸收中子辐射特别快。”罗家融解释说。而在大厅的下方，还有4米深的地下室。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;解决能源危机 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“人造太阳”一旦商用化，人类将不必再担心能源问题，但它不是永动机 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“这是一个耗资巨大的项目，从申请到建成，花了3.2亿元人民币。后来又申请了1.95亿元做外围装备。此外，每年需要大约3600万元的运行费。它一运行，就要持续两个月。今年5月份开始，它要开始做实验。”罗家融告诉记者。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“人造太阳”项目一旦实现商用化，人类将不必再担心能源问题。在投入商业运行之后，只要往设备不断输入氘和氚，在里面发生聚变反应，它就能源源不断地释放出能量，而氘可以从空气中提取，氚可以从海水中提取，廉价而且数量丰富，可以给人类使用1亿年。因此，设备也就永远转下去。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融告诉记者：“从这个意义上说，核聚变是解决人类能源问题最关键的最终的一步。关于这一点，没有哪个能源学家会反对。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“但人造太阳是永动机的概念并不成立，因为需要注入氘和氚，氘和氚就是能量，而永动机是不需要能量给予的。”罗家融强调。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融和他的同事们研制的EAST试验装置具有国际先进水平，是世界上第一个全超导非圆截面核聚变实验装置，它的影响力已经辐射到了法国马赛市郊的卡达拉舍。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;多国参与 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“人造太阳”的实验堆将耗资100亿欧元，中国承担占总投资9％的费用 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;卡达拉舍是ITER实验堆的建造地。2008年开始，ITER计划进入正式实施阶段，实验堆将在这里动工建造。ITER计划预计持续35年，前10年用于建设反应堆；后20年用于操作实验；最后5年是将实验的反应堆活化、拆除。在今后35年间，这个“人造太阳”的实验堆将耗资100亿欧元以上。中国最终承担占总投资9％的费用，约合100亿元人民币。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;实际上，ITER计划也是迄今为止中国参与的最昂贵也最具挑战性的大科学工程国际合作项目，目前由欧盟、中国、日本、美国、俄罗斯、韩国、印度七方共同参与，利用磁约束等离子体进行受控聚变研究。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;即将建造的ITER装置和EAST极为相似，好比是一个放大版。“和现在的EAST相比， ITER装置要大5倍。而预研堆比ITER装置还要大5倍。”罗家融告诉记者。在今后ITER建造的10年中，中国将支持在EAST装置上进行前期研究开发，为ITER装置的运行和开发做好相关准备。中国科研人员将根据“采购包”的要求，制造各类部件，运往卡达拉舍。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;漫长研究 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;从实验堆到预研堆，需要二三十年，从预研堆到商业运行堆，需要四五十年 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;无论是EAST，还是即将动工的ITER装置，它们都只是实验堆，离真正的商业运行还很遥远。在投入商业运行之前，还需要经过实验堆、预研堆、商业堆三个阶段。每个阶段的研究，都将经过漫长的研究攻关。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在罗家融看来，从实验堆走向预研堆，面临两个重大课题：一是如何让高温持续地产生，二是第一壁材料的问题。“把温度加热，1秒钟没有问题，常规托卡马克可以到5秒、10秒，超导托卡马克可以到100秒、1000秒，问题就是，1000秒以后能否持续高温，需要连续的稳态的高温。还有就是壁的材料的承受能力，10秒钟没有问题，100秒、1000秒有没有问题，最后到连续运行，另外材料如何更换，损耗有多快。这将是两个非常重大的难题。”他说。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;核聚变装置的真空室相当于一个装入高温等离子体的炉子，最受考验的是直接面向高温等离子体的内壁，即第一壁材料。氘氚聚变反应产生大量的高能中子、电磁辐射，它们和等离子体离子、快原子和其他从等离子体逃逸出的粒子（氘、氚和杂质）等等，强烈地作用于第一壁。到目前为止，人类还没有发明出工作环境这么复杂的材料。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融估计，从实验堆到预研堆，大约需要二三十年的时间；从预研堆到商业运行堆，需要四五十年的时间。“我最乐观地估计，到实现真正的商业运行，至少要经过一个世纪的努力。”罗家融说。由于能源危机的加剧，有可能会把这一进程提前。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“人造太阳”实验的国际合作 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2006年达成合作协议可能影响未来世界的能源格局 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;毫无疑问，这是一场时间和金钱都消耗巨大的持久战。不过，在能源危机日益严重的背景下，“人造太阳”计划的意义显而易见。国际油价的高涨，石油、煤炭、天然气等不可再生能源获得的有限性以及环境污染的加剧，敦促人类寻找清洁、高效并具备大规模推广潜能的能源。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;原料取之不尽 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在和平利用核能方面，人类的探索漫长而曲折。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;核能包括裂变能和聚变能两种主要形式。在裂变和聚变的过程中，都会放出巨大的能量。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;如今，世界各地的核电厂都采用核裂变方式，但裂变需要的铀、钚等重金属元素在地球上含量稀少，而且铀、钚的放射性也使之具有致命性的危险。1986年切尔诺贝利核电站泄漏事故，导致直接或间接死亡人数超过4000人。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;此外，常规裂变反应堆会产生核废料，也限制了裂变能的发展。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;相比而言，核聚变则优点多多。以最容易发生的氘氚聚变反应为例，氢的同位素氘和氚可从海水中提取，核聚变反应不产生温室气体及核废料。原料几乎取之不尽，几乎不会危害环境。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中科院等离子体物理研究所副所长武松涛测算，从1升海水中提取的氘和氚，如果实现完全的聚变反应，释放出的能量相当于燃烧300公升汽油所获能量。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;但裂变很容易发生的，聚变则不然。在地球上，除了科学家们的实验室里进行过核聚变以外，人们唯一知道的大规模聚变就是氢弹爆炸，但那会给人类带来灾难，人类需要的是受控核聚变。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;罗家融告诉记者：“核聚变的难度比核裂变要大得多。核聚变在地球上很少发生，但在太阳上，核聚变每时每刻都在发生。它的发生需要高温状态。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;研究困难重重 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;科学家希望，能够创造一个类似于太阳环境的装置，但其困难程度远远超出了他们最初的预计。要知道，如果让氘和氚发生聚变反应，氘和氚所处的环境温度必须达到1亿摄氏度以上。在这样的高温下，拿什么样的容器把高温下的氘氚气体约束在一起？这样高的温度，任何材料都注定无法承受。一旦某个环节出现问题，燃料温度下降，聚变反应就会自动中止。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1969年，苏联科学家提出了“托卡马克”的概念。那就是利用环形封闭磁场组成的“磁笼”，把那些灼热的处于等离子状态的燃料约束起来。最核心的容器问题已经得到解决，这也是“人造太阳”计划的主体。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“托卡马克”的概念随后被大量应用。为了达到聚变所要求的条件，托卡马克已经变为一个高度复杂的装置，十八般武艺全用上了，其中有超大电流、超强磁场、超高温、超低温等极限环境，对工艺和材料也提出了极高的要求。而且，在持续高温状态下，托卡马克装置需要实现长时间的稳态运行，而且在能量输出上也没有做到不赔本运转。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;共享知识产权 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;国际科学界逐渐意识到，要推动可控核聚变研究，仅靠一国的力量是远远不够的。经过努力， 2006年11月，来自欧盟、美国、中国、日本、印度、俄罗斯和韩国的七方代表在法国巴黎举行的国际热核聚变实验反应堆计划（简称“ITER”）的会议上正式签署了联合实验协定，“人造太阳”计划正式启动。“人造太阳”计划是继国际空间站项目之后最大的国际科学合作项目。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中国参与ITER计划也引发了争议，一些知名科学家也提出了反对意见。在罗家融看来，“中国参与ITER计划的意义在于，利用10％的投入，就可以获得100％的知识产权。”因为只要是ITER的成员，所有的技术都是公开的，参与的各方能完全平等地分享所有的相关资料和知识产权。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“有了这个知识产权，将来我国的核聚变技术就有可能从实验堆跨到预研堆。如果不参加，即使研究出来了，我们没有知识产权，不能为我所用。”罗家融告诉记者。而这一切，在很大程度上影响到未来世界的能源格局。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;中国成果卓著 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;从上世纪60年代至今，中国的磁约束核聚变研究有着40多年的历史。位于成都的核工业西南物理研究院先后研制成功了中国环流器一号和中国环流器新一号托卡马克装置，推动了世界对核聚变“磁笼”的探索和研究。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1978年，中科院决定在合肥成立等离子体物理研究所，从事核聚变研究。“1992年前后，科学院花了两车皮羽绒服从俄罗斯引进了一套托卡马克实验装置HT-7。”罗家融告诉记者。经等离子体物理研究所的不断改进，它已成为一个庞大的实验系统。在他看来，此事在中国核聚变研究史上有着重要意义。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在十几次实验中，研究人员取得若干具有国际影响的重大科研成果。特别是在2003年3月31 日，实验取得了重大突破，获得超过1分钟的等离子体放电，这是继法国之后第二个能产生分钟量级高温等离子体放电的托卡马克装置。2006年，等离子体物理研究所自主研制和设计了全超导托卡马克装置EAST。这台全超导托卡马克装置，受到了国际同行的瞩目。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;等离子体物理研究所的托卡马克装置引起了其他一些国家的注意。罗家融告诉记者，巴基斯坦有意要购买该所一套已经停用的托卡马克装置，而印度则打算购买HT-7。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;研究人员紧缺 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不过，虽然中国在核聚变领域具有国际先进水平，但整体实力与美国、欧盟相比，仍然有一些差距。罗家融认为，中国核聚变研究的人才十分紧缺，人才问题是相当严峻的问题。“我初步估算了一下，我国从事聚变等离子体研究的人才，包括高级、中级、低级人才，最多1500人。真正做研究的，少于500人。真正拔尖的，能够到国际会议上开会跟国际同行交流的有100个人。”罗家融忧心忡忡。他担心，人才的紧缺，对于我国今后参与ITER计划会带来严重问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;而更长远的问题，则是在中国参与到ITER计划之后。“派去法国参与ITER计划的人，可以学到东西，但他们回来之后，我们国内怎么做？”在罗家融看来，核聚变研究理论最终能否实现产业化，不是几个研究所、高校就能够解决的问题，而在于工业界乃至整个社会的努力，这已经不是学术内容，而是工程内容。“人才问题只是先决条件，在解决这个先决条件之后，还要取决于社会的参与程度。”罗家融说。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;显然，参与ITER计划这个最昂贵的科学工程，并非中国核聚变事业的全部。它只是重要一步，但远非最后一步。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5390121816658895015?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5390121816658895015/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5390121816658895015' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5390121816658895015'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5390121816658895015'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/blog-post_23.html' title='能源问题，我们有更好的办法吗？'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5896134583465797841</id><published>2008-01-23T10:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-23T10:08:22.658-08:00</updated><title type='text'>english for mobile phone.</title><content type='html'>手机天天用， 和他相关的英语你知道多少呢？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;彩铃 polyphonic ringtone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;和弦铃声 chord music ringtone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;蓝牙技术（无线耳机接听）blue tooth&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对讲机 Walkie-Talkie&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;全球定位系统 GPS （Global Positioning System）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;高保真 high fidelity（常简写为hi-fi）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;移动梦网 Monternet（Mobile+Internet）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;短信服务SMS（Short Message Service）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;彩信服务 MMS（Multimedia Message service）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;客户身份识别卡 SIM卡（Subscriber Identity Module）&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;全球移动通信系统 GSM (Global System For Mobile Communications)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;储值卡 pre-paid phone card&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;语音提示 voice prompt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;直板手机 bar phone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;翻盖手机 clamshell phone /flip phone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;滑盖手机 slide phone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;翻盖接听 flip answer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;按键 keypad&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;按键音 keypad tone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;提示音 warning tone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;手机入网费 initiation charges for mobile phone; mobile access fee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;漫游 roaming service&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;手机用户 mobile phone user/subscriber&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;短信 short message; text message&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;图片短信 picture message&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;手机费 mobile phone fee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;关机 power off&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;手机铃音 mobile phone ringtone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;振动 vibrate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;手机实名制 mobile phone identification policy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;彩屏 color screen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;壁纸 wallpaper&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;待机模式 standby mode&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;操作菜单 options&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;菜单模式 list view/ grid view&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;快捷图标 short-cut icon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;自动重拨 automatic redial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;快速拨号 speed dial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;语音拨号 voice dial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;任意键应答 any key answer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;限制呼叫 fixed dial&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;呼出通话 outgoing call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;被叫通话 incoming call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;近来的呼叫 recent call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;呼叫转移 call divert&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;未接电话 missed call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;已接电话 received call&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不在服务区 out of reach&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5896134583465797841?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5896134583465797841/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5896134583465797841' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5896134583465797841'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5896134583465797841'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/english-for-mobile-phone.html' title='english for mobile phone.'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6687815906823608141</id><published>2008-01-21T13:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-21T13:13:25.146-08:00</updated><title type='text'>你还有什么不足？有多少需要学习？</title><content type='html'>创业者成功十大杀技   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1、诚信 — 创业立足之本 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;市场经济已进入诚信时代，作为一种非凡的资本形态，诚信日益成为企业的立足之本与发展源泉。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;风险投资&gt;投资界有句名言："风险投资成功的第一要素是人，第二要素是人，第三要素还是人。"此话足以证实风险投资家对创业者个人素质的关注程度。在他们看来，创业项目、商业计划、企业模式等都可适时而变，唯有创业者品质难以在短时间内改变。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;创业者品质决定着企业的市场声誉和发展空间。不守"诚信"，或可"赢一时之利"，但必然"失长久之利"。反之，则能以良好口碑带来滚滚财源，使创业渐入佳境。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2、自信—— 创业的动力 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;日本八佰伴集团创始人和田一夫开始时仅经营一家小水果铺，还被一场大火烧得赤手空拳。但是，在"不摧毁旧的，就不能建设新的"信念支持下，他最终东山再起，成为名噪一时的创业家。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;人的意志可以发挥无限力量，可以把梦想变为现实。对创业者来说，信心就是创业的动力。要对自己有信心，对未来有信心，要坚信成败并非命中注定而是全靠自己努力，更要坚信自己能战胜一切困难。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3、勇气 —— 视挫败为成功之基石&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;硅谷有着"创业大本营"的美誉，在这儿，每年都有数以万计的企业倒下，同时也有成千上万的创业者一夜暴富。美国知名创业教练约翰•奈斯汉说："造就硅谷成功神话的秘密，就是失败。失败的结果或许令人难堪，但却是取之不尽的活教材，在失败过程中所累积的努力与经验，都是缔造下一次成功的宝贵基矗"成功需要经验积累，创业的过程就是在不断的失败中跌打滚爬。只有在失败中不断积累经验财富，不断前行，才有可能到达成功彼岸。美国3M公司有一句关于创业的"至理名言"：为了发现王子，你必须与无数只青蛙接吻。对于创业家来说，必须有勇气直面困境，敢于与困难"接吻"。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4、领袖精神—— 创业的无形资本&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一只狮子领着一群羊，胜过一只羊领着一群狮子。这一古老的西方谚语说明了创业者领袖精神的重要性。企业成功离不开团队力量，但更多层面上取决于领导者本人。创业者是企业的一面精神旗帜，其一言一行都将影响企业的荣辱兴衰。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;企业文化被称作企业灵魂和精神支柱。而企业文化精髓就是创业者的领袖精神，这是凝聚员工的一笔"不可复制"的财富，更是初创企业生存和发展的要害。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5、爱心 —— 创业成功的催化剂&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在竞争日趋激烈的今天，产品和企业的公众形象定位，对创业成功与否起着要害作用。富有爱心，则是构成老实、良好商业氛围的重要因素。从某种角度看，爱心是创业成功的"催化剂"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;惠普创始人戴维•帕卡德提出："一个企业对社会的责任远远重要于对股东的责任。"这位亿万富翁住在一栋简单的房子里，却为许多大学和公益基金会捐了无数款项。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;企业通过积极承担社会责任，热情支持公益事业，形成良好的社会口碑，反过来对企业的发展将产生强劲的支持作用。一位成功人士就曾感叹说，有时候花再多的钱做广告，不如多做一些对社会有益的事情，更能起到事半功倍的效果。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6、社交能力—— 借力打力觅捷径&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;以往人们总是强调自主创业，但如今这种观念正在改变，人际关系在创业中的作用逐渐加大，人脉圈日益成为创业信息、资金、经验的"蓄水池"，有时甚至在商业活动中能起到四两拨千斤的神奇功效。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;目前"朋友经济"在招商中的作用日益显现。北京大学中国金融投资&gt;投资家俱乐部的成员就包括投资公司老板、证券商、银行家以及政府部门金融方面官员，他们手中掌控着1200亿元资本和无限商机。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在当今提倡合作双赢的时代，过去那种单枪匹马的创业&gt;创业方式已越来越不适应时代需求。扩大社交圈，通过朋友把握更多信息、寻求更大发展，日益成为成功创业的捷径。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7、合作能力—— 趋时避害形成合力&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;携程计算机技术(上海)有限公司总裁季琦告诉青年创业者，"携程网"的成功，除了抓住当初互联网快速发展的契机，有一个良好的创业团队是要害。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"携程网"的团队成员来自美国Oracle公司、德意志银行和上海旅行社等，是技术、治理、金融运作、旅游的完美组合。大家在一起创业，分享各自的知识和经验，同时也避免了很多创业"雷区"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8、创新精神—— 创业成功的维生素&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;金利来领带的创始人曾宪梓说："做生意要靠创意而不是靠本钱！"在竞争激烈的市场中，缺乏创新的企业很难站稳脚跟，改革和创新永远是企业活力与竞争力的源泉。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;万科集团在1988年发行了大陆第一份《招商通函》，目前该公司已成为全国房地产知名企业和中国最具发展潜力的上市公司；上海复兴高科积极推进与数十家国有企业合资合作，用民营企业机制同国有企业资产实行有效嫁接......这些企业的成功，都离不开创业家挑战成绩、自我加压、勇于创新的精神。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9、魄力—— 该出手时就出手&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;商海女杰菲奥里纳在面对戴尔、IBM等领先者时对惠普员工说：以前我们要做到95分才推出，现在我要求80分时就推出，然后慢慢改进；以前是瞄准、预备、开火，在网络时代里，瞄准了就要开火，没有时间预备。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在创业界，往往是风险与机会并存。创业者必须善于发现新生事物，并对新生事物有强烈的探求欲；必须敢于冒险，即使没有十足把握，也应果断地尝试。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10、敏锐眼光—— 识时务者终为俊杰&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;张明正拿到电脑硕士学位后，选择了被时人称为"旁门左道"的防病毒软件作为主攻方向。1999年4月，第一个通过电子邮件传播的"梅丽莎"病毒忽然爆发， 正当众多IT企业无计可施时，张明正的"传奇故事"诞生了，他的"解药"被大量使用，他创立的趋势科技公司目前市价已逾100亿美元，张本人也先后两次被 美国《商业周刊》推选为"亚洲之星"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;生意场上，眼光起了决定性作用。很多资金不多的小创业者，都是依靠准确抓住某个不起眼的信息而挖到"第一桶金"的。市场经济刚起步时，机会非凡多，似乎做什么都能赚钱，只要你有足够胆量和能力。但如今每个行业每个领域都有人做，激烈的市场竞争宣告"暴利时代"已经结束，取而代之的是"微利时代"。因此，创业机会必须靠创业者自己发掘&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6687815906823608141?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6687815906823608141/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6687815906823608141' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6687815906823608141'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6687815906823608141'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/blog-post_21.html' title='你还有什么不足？有多少需要学习？'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-327990247546665437</id><published>2008-01-21T12:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-21T12:56:37.092-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A really nice song,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qVEcloLm4I4&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qVEcloLm4I4&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Song: When You Say You Love Me&lt;br /&gt;Artist: Josh Goban&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like the sound of silence calling,&lt;br /&gt;I hear your voice and suddenly&lt;br /&gt;I'm falling, lost in a dream.&lt;br /&gt;Like the echoes of our souls are meeting,&lt;br /&gt;You say those words and my heart stops beating.&lt;br /&gt;I wonder what it means.&lt;br /&gt;What could it be that comes over me?&lt;br /&gt;At times I can't move.&lt;br /&gt;At times I can hardly breath.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;The world goes still, so still inside and&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;For a moment, there's no one else alive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You're the one I've always thought of.&lt;br /&gt;I don't know how, but I feel sheltered in your love.&lt;br /&gt;You're where I belong.&lt;br /&gt;And when you're with me if I close my eyes,&lt;br /&gt;There are times I swear I feel like I can fly&lt;br /&gt;For a moment in time.&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere between the Heavens and Earth ,&lt;br /&gt;And frozen in time, Oh when you say those words.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;The world goes still, so still inside and&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;For a moment, there's no one else alive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[bridge:]&lt;br /&gt;And this journey that we're on.&lt;br /&gt;How far we've come and I celebrate every moment.&lt;br /&gt;And when you say you love me,&lt;br /&gt;That's all you have to say.&lt;br /&gt;I'll always feel this way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;The world goes still, so still inside and&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me&lt;br /&gt;In that moment,I know why I'm alive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me.&lt;br /&gt;When you say you love me.&lt;br /&gt;Do you know how I love you?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-327990247546665437?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/327990247546665437/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=327990247546665437' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/327990247546665437'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/327990247546665437'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/really-nice-song.html' title='A really nice song,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3100267467731469311</id><published>2008-01-20T05:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-20T05:26:50.134-08:00</updated><title type='text'>新老海归共话回国创业经历：要认清优势找准定位</title><content type='html'>在日前举办的“海外学人回国创业恳谈会”上，新老海归齐聚一堂，共话回国创业的经历以及遇到的问题。曾经在美国南加州大学和宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院获得硕士学位的邓锋先生，曾在美国费城坦普尔大学获硕士学位、宾夕法尼亚大学获得博士学位的严望佳女士，在演讲中介绍他们的创业经历，对引导新海归如何扬长避短、处理好自身的优劣势有一定启迪。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　恳谈会上，邓锋先生和严望佳女士被邀请作为演讲嘉宾。他们一前一后作了关于创业经历的精彩发言，时而博得听众的热烈掌声。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　邓锋：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　回国创业，认清优劣势很重要&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　“想要为自己争取到创业投资的海归，应找准自己的优势所在，主动吸引风险投资公司。”“对环境不了解，对行业‘潜规则’不熟悉成了海归回国创业的‘绊脚石’。”“一旦决定回国创业，那么时间上的取舍就显得尤为重要，最好是花大部分的时间在国内。如果在这个期间，呆在国内的时间还没在国外的时间长，是很难做好事情的。”‘&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　邓锋介绍道，公司现在投资了很多行业，帮助了部分海归在内的企业家解决创业资金困难。在这个过程中，除了努力经营好自己的公司外，他还越来越深刻地了解到什么样的海归回国创业比较受欢迎。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　按照邓锋的分析，海归的优劣势都很明显：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　优势：专业技能强、团队意识强&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　近来，越来越多的海外学子学成后选择回国创业，因而创业初始资金对他们来说，是一个横亘在面前的实际困难。邓锋在演讲中谈道，想要为自己争取到创业投资的海归，应找准自己的优势所在，主动吸引风险投资公司。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在邓锋看来，海归的优势主要有两点，一是具有深厚的专业技术背景，受到过正规的培训，比如管理能力方面等，这些都是本土企业家比较欠缺的；二是海归的团队意识普遍比本土企业家强很多，本土企业家可能在更多的时候是一个人说了算，而海归则大多喜欢采用Team work(团队合作)的方式工作。这样做的好处是很容易建立一种团队文化，避免出现“单打独斗”的局面，使得企业能尽快适应国内环境。此外，邓锋认为，回国创业的海归，商业诚信度普遍较高，所形成的企业文化也是吸引投资公司的“法宝”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　劣势：对国内环境和法律法规不熟悉&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　大部分海归回国后，很难熟悉国内的环境以及市场，其中包括国内的消费者需求等等。比如互联网行业，在国外做得有声有色，一拿到国内就可能差强人意。邓锋在谈到海归的劣势时说，对环境不了解，对行业“潜规则”不熟悉成了海归回国创业的“绊脚石”。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　一些海归在回国创业过程中，往往把目标定得过高，而一旦目标无法达成时，便容易心灰意冷。针对这一现象，邓锋通过自己的经历谈了他的看法。他说，北极光风险创投公司成立第一年，跟其他的风险投资公司相比，他们的第一件事情就是学习。比如每次公司开会，他们会用一半的时间了解探讨某个行业某个领域的情况，熟悉国内投资市场，而不是一味地围绕投资谈生意。另外，邓锋还谈到时间安排方面的问题，他认为，一旦决定回国创业，那么时间上的取舍就显得尤为重要，最好是花大部分的时间在国内。如果在这个期间，呆在国内的时间还没在国外的时间长，是很难做好事情的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　最后，邓锋针对大量海归人才回国不熟悉国内环境的问题，给出了建议：才回国不一定要创业，可以先在其他公司做事。中国有这么多上市公司，先在一个公司学习，熟悉了解该行业，学会与本土企业家合作是很重要的。海归回国的竞争对手是本土企业家，而本土企业家恰好是熟悉国内市场的能手，能从他们那里“取经”，对才回国欲创业的海归来说，是很受用的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　严望佳：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　找准市场定位，用发展的眼光看问题&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　“创业是人生的一种选择，一旦决定了就应该全力以赴，不断学习，并将各个阶段的成就感结合在实际工作中去。”“如果一个企业生产出来的产品正是国家所需要的，那么该企业的产品便具有了市场潜力；并不是把技术做到世界先进水平就是创新了，那只是技术层面的创新，而不是产业领域的创新，利用某种技术比别的企业做到更能满足市场需求才是最中用的。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　严望佳是整个演讲会上唯一的女嘉宾。她以其干练的外表和颇具说服力的演讲，给与会者留下深刻的印象。会上，严望佳女士从自身经历出发，向大家介绍了她回国创办公司的大体概况。“我回国后面临的比较大的挑战便是怎样将技术产业化”。她说，启明星辰是做网络安全的，而今经济全球化，企业政府基础设施越来越多地依赖网络，而网络的正常秩序就需要网络安全技术来维持。严望佳说，所谓技术产业化，就是要把技术变成满足客户需求的产品，并且在国内找到这样的客户，然后把产品卖给客户，从而建立品牌，占有市场份额，最后将周转回来的资金投入到自主研发中，只有在完成这一步后，才能在这个基础上谈企业的生存和后期的发展。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　严望佳还特别强调了公司的市场定位，她认为，如果一个企业的产品正是国家所需要的，那么该企业的产品便具有了市场潜力；另外，在创新方面，并不是把技术做到世界先进水平就是创新了，那只是技术层面的创新，而不是产业领域的创新，利用某种技术比别的企业做到更能满足市场需求才是最中用的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　“对于创业者来说，创业本身就是一种人生的选择，千万不要忽略长远的定位。”刚回国的时候，严的父母并不看好她创业，认为她不像是生意人。但严望佳告诉我们，创业是个漫长的过程，必须端正好心态，随时准备着克服各种困难；创业是人生的一种选择，一旦决定了就应该全力以赴，不断学习，并将各个阶段的成就感结合在实际工作中去。“回国三四年是不容易看到成效的，最重要的是20年、30年后是什么样子。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　严望佳还提到，启明星辰不是她一个人就可以做好的，拥有一支具有核心竞争力的团队非常重要，“先进的技术靠一个人的力量是不会产生多大作用的，唯有依靠团队的力量，才能将作用最大化。” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://news.wenxuecity.com/messages/200801/news-gb2312-510658.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3100267467731469311?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3100267467731469311/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3100267467731469311' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3100267467731469311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3100267467731469311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/blog-post.html' title='新老海归共话回国创业经历：要认清优势找准定位'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6753481551443248440</id><published>2008-01-13T11:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-13T11:07:43.911-08:00</updated><title type='text'>2007年 中国物理学界需要反思的地方</title><content type='html'>不要锦上添花，要雪中送炭&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;　　中国物理学界在2007年有哪些需要反思的地方？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　对于这个问题，欧阳钟灿院士建议《科学时报》记者学习一下周光召先生2007年的3次讲话。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　这几次讲话中，周光召都提到一个人——美国物理学家巴丁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2007年是半导体发明60周年，也是超导理论发现50周年，而巴丁在这两个领域都取得了重大成就，并因此两次获得诺贝尔物理学奖，成为至今唯一一位在同一学科两获诺奖的科学家。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　之所以提巴丁，是因为周光召认为，中国目前最需要的就是巴丁这种“颠覆性的创新”。在2007年10月中科院理论物理所第九届学术委员会上，周光召说： “中国正在制定2030年规划，预计到2030年中国对科技支持的力度将达到与世界先进国家大体相当的程度。我们的学术水准在2030年是否能达到世界先进水平？现在尚有疑虑。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　因为听周光召讲过3次巴丁，欧阳钟灿专门找来了巴丁的传记看。他向记者介绍：“巴丁跟他的学生说，不要跟着权威现成的理论做事，因为套用现成的理论只能进行公式推导、变变参数而已，出不了颠覆性的创新。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　周光召反问道：现在的科研选题是不是针对国家面临的重大问题？是不是把精力都放在了这些重大问题上？他认为物理学研究一定要有重大目标，“两弹一星”、嫦娥工程之所以能搞得好，就是因为结合了国家需求，有很多学科专家的共同参与。在2007年底接受《南方周末》记者采访时，他曾批评：“现在，部门之间、学科之间的协作和交流越来越少了，更不用说激烈的争论。”在理论物理所学术委员会上发言时，他希望“大家选定若干重要的方向，共同组织力量来推进”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　2003年，周光召曾说，将来中国第一个诺贝尔奖可能不会出现在北京和上海，因为这两个地方大家都静不下心。欧阳钟灿举例说，一次一个外宾来考察，结果第二天就没人接待了，只有学生在，后来才知道因为研究员们都要评项目、跑项目，没时间接待他。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　欧阳钟灿说：“要创新首先要解决学术气氛的问题。前两年都在比文章、争项目，现在又缺少争论，往往因为领导讲了大家就不敢讲话了。所以周先生一再强调民主和争论的气氛，现在不再是物质条件差，我们投入这么长时间，年轻人工资、待遇都比较高了，而精神层面没有建立起来。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　“现在一篇文章刚登出来就报道，这代表没有自信，怕什么呢？坐几年冷板凳又有什么好怕的？过几年引用率高自然就证明工作有用。”欧阳钟灿说，高温超导的发明人柏诺兹在获得诺贝尔奖之前一直生活得很苦闷，稿件投PRL被拒，柏林自由大学连博士后都不给他，直到获得诺奖之后才补给他一个奖。“一个人一辈子能做出一两件有意义的工作就了不起了。”欧阳钟灿说。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　除了精神层面，中国学术界面临的另一个瓶颈是人员不够。欧阳钟灿说：“搞物理要有一定的体量，现在我们面对的问题是经费增加了，但是科研人员很少。一方面科研人员不足，一方面大学毕业生找不到工作。以前曾经把人员压缩得很少，现在听说又要增加，这是对的。经费多了，不增加人，光给每个人提高工资是没用的。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　巴丁做出晶体管之后没多久就受索尼公司创始人邀请去日本访问，后者与其同事成了巴丁的终生好友，而索尼公司因为晶体管的商业化生产发了大财。欧阳钟灿说：“索尼半导体搞得很好，因为他们产学研结合得好。咱们现在搞生产和搞基础的人联系不够紧密。物理所有一个科学家，他在激光大屏幕显示方面有很大的进展，获得了求实奖，但是却没有做工程的人来跟他合作。前不久，杨振宁在上海也提出应用科学是21世纪的主流。但最近周光召也告诫大家不要矫枉过正而忽略基础研究。”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　周光召认为，巴丁的一项重要工作是写了一篇关于超导的综述让学生学习，这篇综述长达100多页，为后来师徒3人在超导研究上的突破奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在理论物理所的学术委员会上，周光召提醒在座中年以上的科学家不应只顾着做项目，而应静下心来把自己的经验写成综述给年轻人看。他认为，现在不是锦上添花的时候，而应该雪中送炭。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　周光召说：“写综述是很重要的事情，如果我们要选择一个战略方向，就应该有人来写这方面的综述，这样不仅能使其他人特别是学生较快进入这个领域，同时也把自己的思想作了很好的整理。在座的很多都是老一辈科学家，有的是院士，我想我们的职责应该是如何促进这件事，而不是在自己的成绩上锦上添花。” （ 来源：科学时报 陈欢欢）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6753481551443248440?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6753481551443248440/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6753481551443248440' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6753481551443248440'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6753481551443248440'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/2007.html' title='2007年 中国物理学界需要反思的地方'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3882214761630664132</id><published>2008-01-09T13:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-09T15:19:00.845-08:00</updated><title type='text'>瑞典之行： 美丽卢塞恩 （Luzcerne)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VVHXqjB4I/AAAAAAAAAOU/enE_b6Datp8/s1600-h/P1010105.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VVHXqjB4I/AAAAAAAAAOU/enE_b6Datp8/s400/P1010105.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153618933695317890" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VTOHqjB3I/AAAAAAAAAOM/GGpG1FypfpA/s1600-h/P1010130.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VTOHqjB3I/AAAAAAAAAOM/GGpG1FypfpA/s400/P1010130.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153616850636179314" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VSR3qjB2I/AAAAAAAAAOE/luJwqy736RY/s1600-h/P1010094.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VSR3qjB2I/AAAAAAAAAOE/luJwqy736RY/s400/P1010094.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153615815549060962" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VN5HqjB1I/AAAAAAAAAN8/jkbacllLrgY/s1600-h/IMG_0634.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VN5HqjB1I/AAAAAAAAAN8/jkbacllLrgY/s400/IMG_0634.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153610992300787538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VNQXqjB0I/AAAAAAAAAN0/c_YdLjYJskk/s1600-h/IMG_0623.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VNQXqjB0I/AAAAAAAAAN0/c_YdLjYJskk/s400/IMG_0623.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153610292221118274" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VIjHqjByI/AAAAAAAAANk/0n3hhSnQ7To/s1600-h/IMG_0600.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VIjHqjByI/AAAAAAAAANk/0n3hhSnQ7To/s400/IMG_0600.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153605116785526562" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VIDnqjBxI/AAAAAAAAANc/7Tx0V1tw1kY/s1600-h/IMG_0586.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VIDnqjBxI/AAAAAAAAANc/7Tx0V1tw1kY/s400/IMG_0586.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153604575619647250" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VG_3qjBwI/AAAAAAAAANU/qVuVhPqAAo4/s1600-h/IMG_0583.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VG_3qjBwI/AAAAAAAAANU/qVuVhPqAAo4/s400/IMG_0583.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153603411683510018" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VGMHqjBvI/AAAAAAAAANM/JiD-MXuAWNQ/s1600-h/IMG_0556.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VGMHqjBvI/AAAAAAAAANM/JiD-MXuAWNQ/s400/IMG_0556.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153602522625279730" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VFe3qjBuI/AAAAAAAAANE/CGuRVN03s4o/s1600-h/IMG_0534.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VFe3qjBuI/AAAAAAAAANE/CGuRVN03s4o/s400/IMG_0534.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5153601745236199138" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;离bern较近的一个漂亮的城市是卢塞恩，说其是城市， 其实就是一个小镇， 可有名的地方可就多了， 比如，chapel bridge, water tower, Musegg Wall, lion monument, 冰河公园 等。。。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;诶， 懒得写了，，&lt;br /&gt;自己看看http://www.luzern.org/en/navpage_list-ExcursionsLU-SightseeingLU.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;上几张照片， 共享一下吧，&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3882214761630664132?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3882214761630664132/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3882214761630664132' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3882214761630664132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3882214761630664132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/luzcerne.html' title='瑞典之行： 美丽卢塞恩 （Luzcerne)'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R4VVHXqjB4I/AAAAAAAAAOU/enE_b6Datp8/s72-c/P1010105.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-7452456577575344269</id><published>2008-01-09T13:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-01-09T13:45:03.874-08:00</updated><title type='text'>My Heart Belongs To You</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/o8PBxYvX5FY&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/o8PBxYvX5FY&amp;rel=0&amp;border=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="373"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Song: My Heart Belongs To You&lt;br /&gt;Artist: Hayley Westenra &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Through the window of my soul&lt;br /&gt;All the secrets that I hold&lt;br /&gt;Will be yours to share for always, always&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like a whisper in the wind&lt;br /&gt;The gentle breeze touches my skin&lt;br /&gt;And I know you're with me always, always&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can feel it in the air&lt;br /&gt;The fire that we share&lt;br /&gt;Can only come from deep within&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's a light that burns so bright&lt;br /&gt;It guides you through the night&lt;br /&gt;And leads you to me&lt;br /&gt;So find your way back&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And hold me, touch me&lt;br /&gt;Let the love come rushing through me&lt;br /&gt;I'm yours with every breath I take&lt;br /&gt;forever and ever&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;hold on, to love&lt;br /&gt;cause deep down&lt;br /&gt;That's what we're made of&lt;br /&gt;Never let go for my heart's sake&lt;br /&gt;cause my heart belongs to you&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-7452456577575344269?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/7452456577575344269/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=7452456577575344269' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7452456577575344269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7452456577575344269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2008/01/my-heart-belongs-to-you.html' title='My Heart Belongs To You'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6602896532762675455</id><published>2007-12-26T03:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-26T04:45:05.898-08:00</updated><title type='text'>瑞士之行： Bern</title><content type='html'>The old city of Bern was placed on the UNESCO Wordheritage list in 1983. The registration of a cultural site on the list of the UNESCO worldheritages is evidence of its outstanding universal value so as to ensure its protection for mankind.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atmospherically encircled by the Aare River and, on clar days, set against an overwhelming Alpine panorama,Bern owes its charm to an intact mediaeval cityscape with surprisingly broad streets, more than 6km of arcades, colurful sculptured Renaissance fountains, largely unimpaired sandstone facades, a unique rooftop landscape and a variety of outstanding museums.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bern 老城区，很小哦，不过巧夺天工， 三面被Aare River 环绕。像一个小半岛。 地方虽小， 名气可不小。那一排排中世纪的建筑， 两座遥相呼应的钟楼，远远的你就能听到优雅的钟声， 建筑里那六公里多长的拱形通道， 在欣赏令琅满目的时装， 钟表等时， 让你觉得有一种无形的温暖和安全感。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;楼与楼之间， 当然是街道， 但是还是保持着一份古老的气息， 都是以那种很小的石块来铺垫。一段距离后，就是一个带喷泉的小雕塑， 其实也不能算喷泉，因为，其实就是很小很小的水在雕塑下流出。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;这一切， 就组成了一份世界文化遗产。&lt;br /&gt;其中的滋味当然， 只有自己走在这长廊里，和着悠悠的钟声， 慢慢的品味其中的生活才能真正懂得这一切。 照片太多， 我就随便捡几张具有代表性的， 我就不一一介绍了。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JMZnqjBtI/AAAAAAAAAM8/zGd3mFGRDJ0/s1600-h/IMG_0678.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JMZnqjBtI/AAAAAAAAAM8/zGd3mFGRDJ0/s400/IMG_0678.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148261327065777874" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JKinqjBsI/AAAAAAAAAM0/d9NXukeEZ1I/s1600-h/IMG_0675.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JKinqjBsI/AAAAAAAAAM0/d9NXukeEZ1I/s400/IMG_0675.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148259282661344962" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JJYnqjBrI/AAAAAAAAAMs/kvuz2GwILns/s1600-h/IMG_0671.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JJYnqjBrI/AAAAAAAAAMs/kvuz2GwILns/s400/IMG_0671.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148258011351025330" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JITHqjBqI/AAAAAAAAAMk/y_ceMOBt48I/s1600-h/IMG_0663.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JITHqjBqI/AAAAAAAAAMk/y_ceMOBt48I/s400/IMG_0663.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148256817350117026" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JH6HqjBpI/AAAAAAAAAMc/ES1de_Axx8Q/s1600-h/IMG_0659.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JH6HqjBpI/AAAAAAAAAMc/ES1de_Axx8Q/s400/IMG_0659.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148256387853387410" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JHdXqjBoI/AAAAAAAAAMU/-a-nBOl4-zU/s1600-h/IMG_0657.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JHdXqjBoI/AAAAAAAAAMU/-a-nBOl4-zU/s400/IMG_0657.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5148255893932148354" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6602896532762675455?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6602896532762675455/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6602896532762675455' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6602896532762675455'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6602896532762675455'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/bern.html' title='瑞士之行： Bern'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R3JMZnqjBtI/AAAAAAAAAM8/zGd3mFGRDJ0/s72-c/IMG_0678.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-9101081215745155311</id><published>2007-12-26T03:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-26T03:40:30.109-08:00</updated><title type='text'>瑞士之行： 第一站， BASEL</title><content type='html'>迷迷糊糊的一觉醒来， 应该快到了，感觉喉咙火烫， 知道不该一大清早就馋那蛋炒饭。 忽然， 救星来了。&lt;br /&gt;“drink“&lt;br /&gt;"Yes, Do you have water?&lt;br /&gt;"Yes, gas or non gas"&lt;br /&gt;"pardon"&lt;br /&gt;"with gas or without gas"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;诶， 这啥玩意啊， 其实还是没懂，直接with gas。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;”Two thirty" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Faint. 心里那个后悔，这还收钱的啊，哈哈，，第一次坐飞机喝点水要收钱。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;回来，自然会被老婆笑话一顿。不过没事啦，吃一瓶， 涨一智吗。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;出关很顺利。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;老婆已经在哪里等着了，，&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;出门就是传说中的basel了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;感觉就像当时到Dublin 一样。建筑有点老，没有中国和美国城市里那样的现代气息。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;更烦人的是， 没有英语路牌。&lt;br /&gt;还好， 老婆在， 懂点， 呵呵，，&lt;br /&gt;直接买票， 先巴士， 到MAIN BBS，其实就是主火车站。 然后一个小时火车到BERN。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;其实欧洲和美国一样。都是占了人少的便宜。座位多， 人少， 一般，一个人占两个位置。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;诶， 想想在中国坐火车的日子。那汗啊， 是一滴，一滴的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;看着窗外倒退的房子， 花花草草，，其实这时候哪来那么多花花草草啊，凑个词吧， 哈哈。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;和老婆谈论着欧洲， 美国， 中国的不同。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;其实， 我个人感觉，中国现代文明的发展， 看来更多的得益于欧洲。相似的地方远远多于美国。和美国， 相似的就只有那一栋栋高楼。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;还有点， 心里觉得很奇怪， 这欧洲， 为啥，冬天就很少能见到太阳。爱尔兰这样， 咋瑞士也是这样哦，到处灰茫茫的， 也许， 这也在一定程度上降低了他的美感。对于我这个喜欢艳阳高照的人来说。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不过， 一点还是很让我兴奋， 那就是那一排排树上，一层似霜似雪的东西。小时候写作文， 经常用銀妆这个词。现在回想起来真好玩， 一些下雪， 就是银装，棉被。不过，确实啊， 也就那感受了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不过很可惜， 几次都有拿出相机来要拍下来的冲动， 但是，老婆劝我， 算了， 隔着玻璃， 估计也没啥好效果，以后看照片啊， 肯定会有点破坏了在心目中的美好形象的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一边随便的聊着， 看着车窗外裹着雪衣的，向后奔跑的美景。Bern已经在眼前了。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-9101081215745155311?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/9101081215745155311/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=9101081215745155311' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/9101081215745155311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/9101081215745155311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/basel.html' title='瑞士之行： 第一站， BASEL'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-4539357658896922762</id><published>2007-12-26T02:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-26T03:11:50.691-08:00</updated><title type='text'>去趟瑞士不容易啊，，，，，</title><content type='html'>七点十五的飞机， 在老婆的催促下， 四点钟就打车去机场了。虽然航空公司email 了好几次， 圣诞是机场繁忙时间， 其实， 凌晨五点的机场， 也没几个人，可以想象， 平时，这时候的机场是何等的冷清。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;直接跑去Check in，好面熟和吃惊，竟然是个中国小伙子， 看我护照后， 直接和我用中文聊了起来，看他使劲翻我的护照， 心想， 这干嘛啊， 哥们。最后才明白原来在找我去瑞士的签证。诶，，心想， 都在爱尔兰混到工作了， 瑞士乃中立国家， 只要具有有效的爱尔兰签证是可以自由出入瑞士的，这么多年白混了。 告诉他之后， 一脸的吃惊之色说。“要是这样啊， 我也该去瑞士逛逛”。 &lt;br /&gt;Faint！！&lt;br /&gt;原来一上来就认定我没有有效签证， 不能去！&lt;br /&gt;“我要和我们经理确认一下”，他拿着我的护照和材料就要走。&lt;br /&gt;把我faint死掉。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我靠， 还想中国同胞，今天算是碰上了， 该顺利点吧。谁知这哥哥，一开始就认为需要有效的瑞士签证。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;十分钟后， 回来了， 当面就是“真不好意思， 瑞士移民局不让你过去， 我们今天值班的经理是个变态， 我也没有办法”。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我把我的立场重申了一遍。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“现在政策， 一天一变，我也没有办法”&lt;br /&gt;我靠， 这种政策怎么能一天一变呢， 有点常识没有啊， 没有缓冲期的啊，，忍住，，不能发作。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;还好， 马上，这哥们给我支了一招， 真不该感谢他呢， 还是，，，&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“你跑去前台ticket sale 哪里问问，......"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;诶， 我还有什么办法。排队， 直接奔上去。很明显心理有点着急了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;开始聊了点check in的事情， 然后， 直奔主题， 表达了我的疑问。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不过啊， 那位爱尔兰小姐很nice。拿了我的材料跑里头去了。五分钟后回来。 说不能让我过去。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;诶， 把我的立场重申一遍。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;小姐说， 那边接电话的，只懂法语和德语。要我半小时后再过来，等会说英语的人或等法语的人上班后， 他们帮我再问问。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我心里就有低了， 肯定是沟通上出现了问题。听不懂，当然直接说NO啦。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;心里总是冒出点希望之花，，诶， 真是多灾多难啊，，也许，真应了那句好事多磨吧。希望如此啦。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;一切都和预想中的一样。一切OK,直接登上了去瑞士的飞机。飞机不大， 但是座位都坐满了。坐我边上的是位很年轻的女孩， 点头微笑后， 我坐下， 看了一下电话， 无数个未接来电， 知道老婆一定着急了。要我黄了， 她还不把我给吃了。哈哈， &lt;br /&gt;赶紧拨通， 报告一切顺利。此时此刻啊， 老婆那心里那个滋味啊， 只有我能体会啦， 嘻嘻，，&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;很困了， 坐下， 美女也沒遐顾及了。睡！&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-4539357658896922762?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/4539357658896922762/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=4539357658896922762' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4539357658896922762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4539357658896922762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/trip-to-switzerland-bern.html' title='去趟瑞士不容易啊，，，，，'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-212627568207839658</id><published>2007-12-26T01:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-26T01:54:41.038-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Young Men's Christian Association</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GBGV-Y4Swjw&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GBGV-Y4Swjw&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;提起YMCA，估计80年代以后出生的朋友们大多不甚了了；而对于生于70年代或者更早一些的朋友来说，印象最深的大概莫过于那首存在众多不同语言翻唱版的Y-M-C-A以及那双手高高举过头顶（Y）、双手弯曲置于双肩（M）、双手向右（C）、双手面前交叉（A）的标志性集体舞蹈动作。当年这首歌曲在 DISCO的流行程度至今让人难以忘怀，全场上下整齐一致的动作，将氛围急速推升至最HIGH点 ~~~&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;所谓YMCA，其实是Young Men's Christian Association 的英文简写，中文名“基督教青年会”；它是一个遍布全世界的基督教青年组织，发源于英国伦敦，是由一位英国基督徒青年侨治威廉(George Williams)于公元1844年所立的。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;YMCA是Village People最著名也是最经典的歌曲。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;歌词：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;young man, there' no need to feel down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man, pick yourself off the ground.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man,'cause you're in a new town&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;there's no need to be unhappy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;young man, there's a place you can go.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man, when you're short on your dough.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can stay there, and i'm sure you will find&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;many ways to have a good time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;it's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;they have everything for you men to enjoy,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can hang out with all the boys ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;it's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can get yourself cleaned, you can have a good meal,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can do whatever you feel ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;young man, are you listening to me?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man, what do you want to be?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man, you can make real your dreams.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;but you got to know this one thing!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;no man does it all by himself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, young man, put your pride on the shelf,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and just go there, to the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i'm sure they can help you today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;it's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;they have everything for you men to enjoy,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can hang out with all the boys ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;it's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can get yourself cleaned, you can have a good meal,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can do whatever you feel ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;young man, i was once in your shoes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i said, i was down and out with the blues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i felt no man cared if i were alive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;i felt the whole world was so tight ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;that's when someone came up to me,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and said, young man, take a walk up the street.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;there's a place there called the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;they can start you back on your way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;it's fun to stay at the Y-M-C-A.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;they have everything for you men to enjoy,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;you can hang out with all the boys ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y-M-C-A..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=music&amp;MsgID=361309&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-212627568207839658?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/212627568207839658/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=212627568207839658' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/212627568207839658'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/212627568207839658'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/young-mens-christian-association.html' title='Young Men&apos;s Christian Association'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-1320499497568079687</id><published>2007-12-24T12:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-24T12:54:04.332-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The Costs Of Biofuels</title><content type='html'>C&amp;EN,December 17, 2007 Volume 85, Number 51 pp. 12-16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Costs Of Biofuels&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two views on whether corn ethanol and, eventually, ethanol from cellulosic&lt;br /&gt;biomass will efficiently deliver national energy security&lt;br /&gt;William Schulz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE DRUMBEAT in favor of biofuels has only increased since President George&lt;br /&gt;W. Bush's 2007 State of the Union address calling for a 20% cut in gasoline&lt;br /&gt;use, much of it to be replaced with alternative fuels such as biofuels.&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, industry has begun investing in biofuels and biofuels R&amp;D as never&lt;br /&gt;before. Consumers, too, are eager for anything that might trim the cost of a&lt;br /&gt;gallon of gasoline.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kurt Stepnitz/MSU Communications (Dale)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robert Barker/University Photography (Pimentel)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Debates Dale (left), a chemical engineering professor at Michigan State&lt;br /&gt;University, contends that well-chosen metrics need to be used in order to&lt;br /&gt;evaluate the true costs and benefits of biofuels; Pimentel, an entomologist&lt;br /&gt;and professor of agricultural sciences at Cornell University, argues that&lt;br /&gt;biofuels are costly from both economic and environmental perspectives and&lt;br /&gt;also raise significant ethical concerns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the criticisms and questions that dog the use of biofuels remain&lt;br /&gt;formidable. Can the U.S. really afford to devote its entire corn crop to the&lt;br /&gt;production of ethanol, as might be required under some of the targets set&lt;br /&gt;by President Bush? What will happen to the price of corn, and what impact&lt;br /&gt;will this have in terms of feeding those who are hungry in this world? What&lt;br /&gt;are the true energy costs of biofuels, and can their use mitigate global&lt;br /&gt;climate change, as is widely anticipated?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As part of its ongoing coverage of the biofuels story, C&amp;EN has asked two&lt;br /&gt;prominent biofuels experts to square off in opposition to or in support of&lt;br /&gt;biofuels. David Pimentel, an entomologist and professor of agricultural&lt;br /&gt;sciences at Cornell University, has raised objections to biofuels since the&lt;br /&gt;early 1970s. A recognized authority on the subject, he believes biofuels'&lt;br /&gt;costs far outweigh their potential benefits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Taking the opposite view is Bruce E. Dale, a professor of chemical&lt;br /&gt;engineering and materials science and associate director of the Office of&lt;br /&gt;Biobased Technologies at Michigan State University. He also serves as editor&lt;br /&gt;-in-chief of Biofuels, Bioproducts &amp; Biorefineries, a new Wiley journal.&lt;br /&gt;Dale argues that a fair analysis of biofuels reveals their value as a&lt;br /&gt;replacement for fossil fuels. He believes they should be an important&lt;br /&gt;contributor to energy security in the U.S. and one answer for reducing CO2&lt;br /&gt;inputs into the atmosphere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;----&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dale Point&lt;br /&gt;As with other products, biofuels should be compared with their alternatives&lt;br /&gt;according to well-chosen metrics. It is no more rational to support or&lt;br /&gt;oppose biofuels without relevant performance standards than it is to support&lt;br /&gt;or oppose ballpoint pens without appropriate criteria. Therefore, what are&lt;br /&gt;the appropriate comparison standards for biofuels?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two issues are pivotal for all petroleum alternatives: national security by&lt;br /&gt;significantly reducing petroleum dependence and climate security by&lt;br /&gt;significantly reducing greenhouse gases. Biofuels should substantially&lt;br /&gt;reduce petroleum used and greenhouse gases generated compared with their&lt;br /&gt;petroleum-derived alternatives. Ideal biofuel metrics are petroleum consumed&lt;br /&gt;and greenhouse gases generated per mile traveled. Unfortunately, this&lt;br /&gt;calculation requires detailed vehicle performance information that is likely&lt;br /&gt;unavailable. Reasonable substitute metrics are biofuel energy produced per&lt;br /&gt;unit of petroleum consumed over the biofuel life cycle and biofuel energy&lt;br /&gt;produced per unit of greenhouse gases generated. Ethanol replaces gasoline&lt;br /&gt;in internal combustion engines. Thus, the ethanol-to-gasoline comparison is&lt;br /&gt;relevant. The data of Farrell et al. summarized in the table allow us to&lt;br /&gt;compare ethanol and gasoline (Science 2006, 311, 506).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generating 1 MJ of gasoline requires 1.1 MJ of petroleum, while only 0.04 MJ&lt;br /&gt;of petroleum is required to generate 1 MJ of ethanol from corn ("ethanol&lt;br /&gt;today" scenario). The reduction in petroleum required per megajoule of fuel&lt;br /&gt;to the consumer is therefore 0.04 minus 1.1 divided by 1.1 multiplied by 100&lt;br /&gt;equals 96%. Corn ethanol allows us to improve vehicle mileage per unit of&lt;br /&gt;petroleum consumed by a factor of 1.1 minus 0.04 divided by 0.04 equals 26.5&lt;br /&gt;. Effectively, ethanol achieves almost 800 miles per gallon of oil (26.5&lt;br /&gt;times 30, for a vehicle getting 30 mpg). We have no other "drop in" gasoline&lt;br /&gt;alternative that so greatly increases miles per unit of oil consumed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Greenhouse gas reduction is also significant. For the "ethanol today"&lt;br /&gt;scenario, the greenhouse gas reduction compared with gasoline is 18%—77&lt;br /&gt;minus 94 (kilograms of CO2 equivalent per megajoule of fuel) divided by 94&lt;br /&gt;times 100. For the "cellulosic ethanol" scenario, the corresponding values&lt;br /&gt;are 93% reduction in petroleum use and a very large 88% reduction in&lt;br /&gt;greenhouse gases. Ethanol therefore achieves real improvements in both&lt;br /&gt;petroleum consumption and greenhouse gases generated compared with gasoline.&lt;br /&gt;Relevant, rigorous data sets that allow comparison of other biofuels with&lt;br /&gt;petroleum-derived fuels are currently unavailable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Corn ethanol production technology is still improving, and its fossil-fuel&lt;br /&gt;use is declining. For example, new enzymes have recently been introduced&lt;br /&gt;that significantly reduce energy consumption in corn ethanol facilities.&lt;br /&gt;Likewise, cellulosic ethanol production technology is improving rapidly. In&lt;br /&gt;contrast, petroleum discovery, production, and processing are becoming more&lt;br /&gt;energy intensive as the quality of petroleum declines (more viscous, higher&lt;br /&gt;sulfur crude oil) and as petroleum is produced in more remote locations (for&lt;br /&gt;example, deepwater Gulf of Mexico) and under harsher climatic conditions.&lt;br /&gt;Simply stated, the future trends for petroleum are negative while the trends&lt;br /&gt;for ethanol are positive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Irrelevant and misleading metrics such as the "net energy" metric advanced&lt;br /&gt;by Dr. Pimentel to criticize ethanol do not promote good strategic decision-&lt;br /&gt;making. Net energy is defined as the fuel's heating value minus the sum of&lt;br /&gt;all fossil energy inputs—coal, natural gas, and petroleum—required to&lt;br /&gt;produce the fuel. Net energy is irrelevant because it lumps all fossil&lt;br /&gt;energy carriers together and considers a megajoule of coal as equivalent to&lt;br /&gt;a megajoule of petroleum or natural gas. This is obviously wrong; otherwise,&lt;br /&gt;we would not pay more than five times as much for a megajoule of petroleum&lt;br /&gt;as we do for a megajoule of coal. Coal's energy content is simply not as&lt;br /&gt;valuable or as versatile as oil's. All megajoules are not created equal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Net energy analysis is misleading because ethanol's net energy was never&lt;br /&gt;compared with gasoline's net energy. The comparison is easily done. From the&lt;br /&gt;table above, ethanol's net energy is 1.0 minus the sum of (0.04 + 0.28 + 0.&lt;br /&gt;41) times 100, which equals +27%, while gasoline's net energy is 1.0 minus&lt;br /&gt;the sum of (1.1 + 0.03 + 0.05) times 100, which equals -18%. Gasoline's net&lt;br /&gt;energy is therefore significantly lower than ethanol's. We would have been&lt;br /&gt;saved much confusion and trouble if Dr. Pimentel and his coworkers had&lt;br /&gt;compared ethanol's net energy with the net energy of gasoline, but they&lt;br /&gt;never did so. Comparisons between our realistic alternatives are essential&lt;br /&gt;for good decision-making.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other metrics are also relevant. For example, the scale of production and&lt;br /&gt;cost of biofuels are important criteria. Ethanol from grain and sugar crops&lt;br /&gt;will probably never exceed 10% of total U.S. motor fuel needs, a modest but&lt;br /&gt;important fraction. As to cost, Brazil now produces ethanol from sugarcane&lt;br /&gt;for less than the energy equivalent cost of gasoline. Cellulosic ethanol&lt;br /&gt;could eventually supply hundreds of billions of gallons of liquid fuel at&lt;br /&gt;production costs well under $1.50 per gal of gasoline equivalent. Does any&lt;br /&gt;reasonable individual think that gas prices are headed down over the long&lt;br /&gt;term?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some possible metrics for biofuels require more thought. For example,&lt;br /&gt;available land, potential environmental degradation, and competition with&lt;br /&gt;food production are believed to be major limitations for biofuels. Careful&lt;br /&gt;systems-level thinking creatively resolves these and other issues,&lt;br /&gt;especially for cellulosic biofuels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;----&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pimentel Point&lt;br /&gt;For millions of years, green plants contributed to the formation of our oil&lt;br /&gt;, natural gas, and coal. By 1850, when wood accounted for 91% of U.S. energy&lt;br /&gt;consumption and the U.S. population was less than 10% of the current 301&lt;br /&gt;million people, serious wood shortages already existed. Now, with only about&lt;br /&gt;4.5% of the world population, the U.S. is the largest per capita fossil&lt;br /&gt;energy consumer of any country in the world. Because 90% of U.S. oil has&lt;br /&gt;been mined, the U.S. now imports more than 63% of its oil at a cost of $200&lt;br /&gt;billion per year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Faced with a diminishing supply of oil, converting grain or other biomass&lt;br /&gt;into ethanol fuel as a substitute has become popular. Using corn or any&lt;br /&gt;other biomass requires large land areas of fertile soil, large quantities of&lt;br /&gt;water, and sunlight for green plant production. Green plants in the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;combined collect only about 53 exajoules (about 50 x 1015 Btu) of sunlight&lt;br /&gt;energy per year. Meanwhile, people in the U.S. consume slightly more than&lt;br /&gt;twice that amount of energy from fossil fuels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enthusiasts suggest ethanol produced from corn grain and cellulosic biomass,&lt;br /&gt;like grasses, could replace much of the oil used in the U.S. Consider that&lt;br /&gt;20% of the U.S. corn crop was converted into 5 billion gal of ethanol last&lt;br /&gt;year, but that replaces only 1% of U.S. petroleum consumption. If the entire&lt;br /&gt;corn crop were used, it would replace a mere 7% of petroleum consumption.&lt;br /&gt;This will not make the U.S. independent of foreign oil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our up-to-date analysis of all the 14 energy inputs that typically go into&lt;br /&gt;corn production, plus the nine inputs invested in fermentation and&lt;br /&gt;distillation operations, confirms that the energy expended (mostly high-&lt;br /&gt;value oil and natural gas) to produce a gallon of corn ethanol is 40% more&lt;br /&gt;than is in the ethanol itself. Often, investigators omit some of the energy&lt;br /&gt;inputs required in corn production and processing. These include energy for&lt;br /&gt;farm labor, farm machinery, energy production of hybrid corn-seed,&lt;br /&gt;irrigation, and processing equipment. Omitting some energy inputs suggests&lt;br /&gt;that a corn ethanol production system provides a positive energy return.&lt;br /&gt;Investigators also differ about the energy value of the by-products from&lt;br /&gt;making corn ethanol. By-product credits range only from 10 to 60% for the&lt;br /&gt;distillers grain, which is not a fuel but cattle feed. In any event, corn&lt;br /&gt;ethanol is an inefficient choice from an energy standpoint.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The production of corn ethanol is subsidized by state and federal&lt;br /&gt;governments to the tune of more than $6 billion per year according to a 2006&lt;br /&gt;report, "Biofuels-At What Cost? Government Support for Ethanol and&lt;br /&gt;Biodiesel in the United States," released by the International Institute for&lt;br /&gt;Sustainable Development in Geneva. Thus the subsidies for a gallon of&lt;br /&gt;ethanol are more than 90 times the subsidies for a gallon of gasoline (&lt;br /&gt;approximately 3 cents per gal). If the subsidies for ethanol production were&lt;br /&gt;making the U.S. oil independent, perhaps these exorbitant subsidies might&lt;br /&gt;be justified.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The environmental impacts of corn ethanol are significant and diverse. They&lt;br /&gt;include severe soil erosion of farmland plus the heavy use of nitrogen&lt;br /&gt;fertilizer and pesticides. Large quantities of carbon dioxide are produced&lt;br /&gt;and released into the atmosphere because significant amounts of fossil fuel&lt;br /&gt;energy are used in ethanol production. In addition, during the fermentation&lt;br /&gt;process, about 25% of the carbon from the sugars and starches is released as&lt;br /&gt;carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These two large releases of carbon&lt;br /&gt;dioxide significantly contribute to global warming. Note, each gallon of&lt;br /&gt;ethanol requires 1,700 gal of water (mostly to grow the corn) and releases&lt;br /&gt;12 gal of noxious sewage effluent into the environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Using food crops, such as corn grain, to produce ethanol also raises major&lt;br /&gt;ethical concerns. More than 3.7 billion people in the world are currently&lt;br /&gt;malnourished, so the need for grains and other basic foods is critical.&lt;br /&gt;Growing crops for fuel squanders land, water, and energy resources vital for&lt;br /&gt;the production of food for people. Associated with the use of corn for&lt;br /&gt;ethanol are major increases in the price of beef, chicken, pork, eggs, and&lt;br /&gt;milk for the U.S. consumer, according to Lester Brown, president of the&lt;br /&gt;Earth Policy Institute, and Jacques Diouf, director-general of the United&lt;br /&gt;Nations Food &amp; Agriculture Organization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As an alternative to corn, some ethanol proponents suggest that all 600&lt;br /&gt;million acres of U.S. grassland should be harvested and that the cellulosic&lt;br /&gt;biomass should be converted into ethanol. If it is assumed that 100 gal of&lt;br /&gt;ethanol could be produced per acre of grass, all U.S. grass would replace&lt;br /&gt;slightly more than 10% of U.S. petroleum use. Producing ethanol from&lt;br /&gt;cellulosic biomass is significantly more energy intensive than producing it&lt;br /&gt;from corn because straw contains half the sugars and starches needed for&lt;br /&gt;fermentation. For this reason, additional energy inputs are required in the&lt;br /&gt;processing of cellulosic biomass. With current technology, 50% more energy&lt;br /&gt;is required to produce a gallon of ethanol from cellulosic biomass than from&lt;br /&gt;corn. Moreover, converting U.S. grass into ethanol negatively impacts the&lt;br /&gt;100 million cattle, 7 million sheep, and 4 million horses that currently&lt;br /&gt;require this forage for food.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conversion of any biomass into liquid fuels is costly in terms of fossil&lt;br /&gt;energy, vital farmland, and freshwater. Even if the biomass conversion&lt;br /&gt;processes are made more efficient, the limited availability of U.S. biomass&lt;br /&gt;will not be sufficient as a reliable source of liquid fuel. Energy&lt;br /&gt;conservation and development of renewable energy sources, such as solar&lt;br /&gt;cells, should be given research priority.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;----&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dale Counterpoint&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Pimentel's critique of ethanol continues as it began years ago,&lt;br /&gt;unencumbered by valid comparisons and uninformed by different perspectives.&lt;br /&gt;A long list of baseless or misleading charges against ethanol is given, many&lt;br /&gt;of which cannot be answered in this short response. I will try to refute&lt;br /&gt;some charges, offer new perspectives, and outline how cellulosic ethanol can&lt;br /&gt;provide large amounts of fuel while improving the environment, enhancing&lt;br /&gt;rural economies, and increasing world food supplies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Pimentel emphasizes that his analysis includes 14 energy-consuming&lt;br /&gt;operations required for ethanol production. Even if 14,000 such operations&lt;br /&gt;were included, the analysis would still be irrelevant. One megajoule of coal&lt;br /&gt;is simply not equivalent to 1 MJ of petroleum. If you doubt this, try&lt;br /&gt;grinding up some coal, put it in your gas tank, and see how far you can&lt;br /&gt;drive on coal's energy content. Pimentel's "net energy" analysis is akin to&lt;br /&gt;adding 10 U.S. dollars, 10 Mexican pesos, and 10 Indian rupees to get $30—&lt;br /&gt;an absurdity. Different energy carriers and different currencies have&lt;br /&gt;different qualities. They cannot simply be added together as Dr. Pimentel&lt;br /&gt;does.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethanol is indeed subsidized. I would much prefer that all subsidies be&lt;br /&gt;ended, including the subsidy on gasoline, which has been estimated by the&lt;br /&gt;Government Accountability Office and the New York Times to be several&lt;br /&gt;dollars per gallon of gas (NSIAD-91-250; New York Times, "Fuels for the&lt;br /&gt;Future News," May 16, 1997, respectively). For example, many of our military&lt;br /&gt;assets are explicitly devoted to protecting oil supply lines. The 7th Fleet&lt;br /&gt;will not be needed to protect our domestic corn fields and grasslands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethanol is said to require lots of water. Actually, gasoline production uses&lt;br /&gt;more than 10 times as much water as does corn ethanol production. It is&lt;br /&gt;true that plants transpire about 200 kg of water per kg of dry plant matter&lt;br /&gt;produced. So what? The water transpired by plants originally fell as rain or&lt;br /&gt;snow and is purified as it passes through the plant to the atmosphere where&lt;br /&gt;it will fall again as rain or snow. When has water quality ever been&lt;br /&gt;improved by contact with petroleum?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethanol production is said to release large amounts of carbon dioxide and "&lt;br /&gt;sewage" and to promote soil erosion. Actually, all water discharges must&lt;br /&gt;meet local regulations. Soil erosion on U.S. cropland has declined by almost&lt;br /&gt;50% in recent years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No one knowledgeable about cellulosic ethanol believes that the process is&lt;br /&gt;energy intensive. Process residues, when burned, will provide more than&lt;br /&gt;enough steam and electricity to run cellulosic ethanol plants. Perennial&lt;br /&gt;grasses, grown as energy crops, will be important feedstocks for cellulosic&lt;br /&gt;ethanol production. Significantly increasing their per-acre yields is very&lt;br /&gt;achievable. Contrary to Dr. Pimentel's assumption of 100 gal of cellulosic&lt;br /&gt;ethanol per acre, about 500 gal per acre is currently possible, with 1,500&lt;br /&gt;gal per acre a feasible 10-year goal. Perennial grasses are excellent&lt;br /&gt;builders of soil, and they sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon&lt;br /&gt;dioxide. They also trap inorganic nitrogen in plant matter, thereby reducing&lt;br /&gt;nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) and limiting nitrate leaching to&lt;br /&gt;ground- and surface waters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ethanol production is said to raise food prices. If we get beyond the first&lt;br /&gt;emotional "food versus fuel" reaction, we find that fuel prices affect the&lt;br /&gt;cost of literally everything we eat, while corn prices have a comparatively&lt;br /&gt;small effect on the cost of some food items. Corn ethanol is less expensive&lt;br /&gt;to produce than gasoline, helping keep a lid on fuel prices and therefore on&lt;br /&gt;food prices. Cellulosic ethanol will become much cheaper than gasoline,&lt;br /&gt;thereby reducing delivered food prices.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is another crucial fact to consider: Neither the U.S. nor any other&lt;br /&gt;developed country uses its land to grow much human food. What we actually&lt;br /&gt;grow is animal feed. Nearly 90% of our 650 million acres of crop and good&lt;br /&gt;pasture land is used to grow animal feed. Most of this feed is for beef and&lt;br /&gt;dairy cattle, which are nutritionally versatile animals. Animals, like&lt;br /&gt;humans, require two primary nutrients: protein and digestible energy (&lt;br /&gt;calories). Grasses can be processed to recover protein suitable for animal&lt;br /&gt;feed. Grasses pretreated to enhance their biological conversion to ethanol&lt;br /&gt;should also be quite digestible by ruminant animals. Taken together, these&lt;br /&gt;developments will increase the per-acre productivity of protein and&lt;br /&gt;digestible energy. Food will become cheaper because animal feed will become&lt;br /&gt;more abundant and cheaper. Coproducing animal feed and fuel will also reduce&lt;br /&gt;the total acreage required to meet our feed and fuel needs. Credible&lt;br /&gt;scenarios exist in which no new land would be required to meet demands for&lt;br /&gt;food, feed, and fiber while still providing more than 100 billion gal of&lt;br /&gt;cellulosic ethanol per year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, cellulosic materials are bulky and would not be transported long&lt;br /&gt;distances. They will be processed relatively close to where they are grown,&lt;br /&gt;providing opportunities for rural communities to increase their wealth by&lt;br /&gt;adding value to plant biomass. This important opportunity to strengthen&lt;br /&gt;rural communities throughout the world via biofuel production merits serious&lt;br /&gt;and sustained research and policy attention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All paths to a more sustainable future will require us to make choices among&lt;br /&gt;alternative fuels. When appropriate comparisons are made, biofuels,&lt;br /&gt;particularly cellulosic biofuels, stand out as attractive alternatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;----&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pimentel Counterpoint&lt;br /&gt;Thorough research on biofuels is essential because the nation needs liquid&lt;br /&gt;fuels. In providing them, all data and energy inputs must be carefully&lt;br /&gt;assessed. This is critical for our future national security and to ensure&lt;br /&gt;the preservation of the very natural resources that support human life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Dale suggests that in measuring the benefits of biofuels, we should&lt;br /&gt;assess only the petroleum inputs and not include any of the other energy&lt;br /&gt;inputs, like natural gas. This approach is not scientifically sound because&lt;br /&gt;natural gas is a vital energy resource in the production of corn ethanol. In&lt;br /&gt;fact, nearly one-third of the total energy inputs in U.S. corn production&lt;br /&gt;is for nitrogen fertilizer, an essential component for high-yield corn&lt;br /&gt;production that is made from natural gas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Approximately 150 lb per acre of nitrogen fertilizer is currently applied to&lt;br /&gt;achieve a yield of about 8,700 lb of corn per acre. Without this nitrogen&lt;br /&gt;fertilizer, the corn yield would average only about 1,600 lb per acre.&lt;br /&gt;Specifically, about a half-gallon of petroleum equivalents as natural gas is&lt;br /&gt;necessary to produce 1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Natural gas is being imported into the U.S. because our supply is declining.&lt;br /&gt;And about 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer used in the U.S. is being imported&lt;br /&gt;to make up for the shortfall of natural gas needed to make nitrogen&lt;br /&gt;fertilizer. Nathan Hagens, a graduate student at the University of Vermont,&lt;br /&gt;and Kenneth Mulder, a professor of biology at Green Mountain College,&lt;br /&gt;Poultney, Vt., report that if it were possible for the U.S. to replace 30%&lt;br /&gt;of its gasoline consumption with corn ethanol, the natural gas required for&lt;br /&gt;corn ethanol production would equal the entire annual amount of natural gas&lt;br /&gt;currently being utilized for home heating (personal communication). Clearly,&lt;br /&gt;this would be impossible to carry out, but it does emphasize the vital role&lt;br /&gt;of natural gas in corn ethanol production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Focusing only on petroleum in corn ethanol production is similar to focusing&lt;br /&gt;only on petroleum in the production and use of a tractor. All the energy&lt;br /&gt;inputs required in the construction and maintenance of a tractor cannot be&lt;br /&gt;ignored. Further, the energy inputs for farm labor, all farm machinery,&lt;br /&gt;hybrid corn, and irrigation should be included in any assessment of energy&lt;br /&gt;inputs in corn ethanol production.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Dale supports the findings related to ethanol production of the&lt;br /&gt;Alexander E. Farrell research group at the University of California,&lt;br /&gt;Berkeley (Science 2006, 311, 506). However, several leading energy&lt;br /&gt;scientists have severely criticized this report in Science and in other&lt;br /&gt;scientific publications for its omissions (Ware, George, editor. "Reviews of&lt;br /&gt;Environmental Contamination and Toxicology," Vol. 189, Springer, 2007, 25).&lt;br /&gt;Also, the Farrell group gives excessive energy credit to the by-product,&lt;br /&gt;distiller's grain, which is not an energy source but cattle feed. This also&lt;br /&gt;distorts the true picture of corn ethanol production. Surprisingly, Daniel M&lt;br /&gt;. Kammen, a member of the Farrell research group, recently has reported that&lt;br /&gt;"corn ethanol is clearly flawed" (Time, June 7, online www.time.com/time/&lt;br /&gt;magazine/article/0,9171,1630560,00.html).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By focusing only on petroleum use in corn ethanol production, Dr. Dale&lt;br /&gt;reports reduced carbon dioxide in corn ethanol production. This is true only&lt;br /&gt;if petroleum use is restricted in the total assessment. Dr. Dale fails to&lt;br /&gt;consider the carbon dioxide released from all the energy inputs for nitrogen&lt;br /&gt;fertilizer, farm labor, farm machinery, hybrid corn, and irrigation. When&lt;br /&gt;all of these inputs plus the energy required in processing are included in&lt;br /&gt;the assessment, then about 40% more fossil energy is required to produce a&lt;br /&gt;gallon of ethanol than is in the ethanol produced. Thus, about 1.4 gal of&lt;br /&gt;oil equivalents are required to produce 1 gal of ethanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to the significant quantity of carbon dioxide released from the&lt;br /&gt;large inputs of fossil energy used in corn production, a quantity of carbon&lt;br /&gt;dioxide also is released during the fermentation process and conversion of&lt;br /&gt;the corn grain into ethanol. All of this additional carbon dioxide&lt;br /&gt;contributes to global warming.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Dale is correct that it takes about 1.1 kcal of petroleum to produce 1&lt;br /&gt;kcal of gasoline. The real advantage of gasoline production is the high&lt;br /&gt;density of petroleum used to produce gasoline.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Focus is changing from corn biomass, a food crop, to cellulosic biomass.&lt;br /&gt;However, cellulosic biomass also requires land and water, as well as fossil&lt;br /&gt;energy. The conversion of cellulosics has several disadvantages compared&lt;br /&gt;with corn ethanol production. First, the concentration of starches and&lt;br /&gt;sugars in cellulosic biomass is less than half that in corn, which means&lt;br /&gt;twice as much cellulosic biomass is needed to produce a given amount of&lt;br /&gt;ethanol. Second, to release the starches and sugars held by the lignin in&lt;br /&gt;cellulose, an acid or a specialized enzyme must be used to dissolve the&lt;br /&gt;lignin to free the starches and sugars. These strategies involve additional&lt;br /&gt;energy and economic costs. Thus, about 1.5 gal of oil equivalents are&lt;br /&gt;required to produce 1 gal of cellulosic ethanol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concerning national energy security, the 5 billion gal of ethanol produced&lt;br /&gt;last year required the conversion of 20% of U.S. corn. As previously stated,&lt;br /&gt;this 5 billion gal of ethanol represents only 1% of total petroleum use. If&lt;br /&gt;100% of U.S. corn were converted into ethanol, this would provide only 7%&lt;br /&gt;of petroleum use. Will this small amount of ethanol energy make the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;petroleum independent and provide national energy security?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ignored in the assessment of corn or cellulosic ethanol production are&lt;br /&gt;enormous costs in terms of fossil energy and the carbon dioxide it releases.&lt;br /&gt;Basically, using any biomass for ethanol production requires large areas of&lt;br /&gt;land and significant quantities of water and causes numerous environmental&lt;br /&gt;problems.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-1320499497568079687?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/1320499497568079687/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=1320499497568079687' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1320499497568079687'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1320499497568079687'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/costs-of-biofuels.html' title='The Costs Of Biofuels'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-342523334845828431</id><published>2007-12-15T11:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-15T11:26:09.400-08:00</updated><title type='text'>一首很老的歌，，，</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/lUaAhh_Kc84&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/lUaAhh_Kc84&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-342523334845828431?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/342523334845828431/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=342523334845828431' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/342523334845828431'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/342523334845828431'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/blog-post_15.html' title='一首很老的歌，，，'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-8131062270645672282</id><published>2007-12-14T15:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-14T15:23:19.358-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Global Warming Is Destroying Coral Reefs, Major Study Warns</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R2MQX3qjBlI/AAAAAAAAAL8/Kz_9eZGYJEA/s1600-h/071213152600.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R2MQX3qjBlI/AAAAAAAAAL8/Kz_9eZGYJEA/s400/071213152600.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5143973201652680274" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ScienceDaily (Dec. 14, 2007) — The largest living structures on Earth and the millions of livelihoods which depend upon them are at risk, the most definitive review yet of the impact of rising carbon emissions on coral reefs has concluded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If world leaders do not immediately engage in a race against time to save the Earth's coral reefs, these vital ecosystems will not survive the global warming and acidification predicted for later this century. That is the conclusion of a group of marine scientists from around the world in a major new study published in the journal Science on Dec. 13.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It's vital that the public understands that the lack of sustainability in the world's carbon emissions is causing the rapid loss of coral reefs, the world's most biodiverse marine ecosystem," said Drew Harvell, Cornell professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and head of the Coral Disease Research Team, which is part of the international Coral Reef Targeted Research (CRTR) group that wrote the new study.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rise of carbon dioxide emissions and the resultant climate warming from the burning of fossil fuels are making oceans warmer and more acidic, said co-author Harvell, which is triggering widespread coral disease and stifling coral growth toward "a tipping point for functional collapse."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The scientists argue that rising global CO2 emissions represent an 'irreducible risk' that will rapidly outstrip the capacity of local coastal managers and policy-makers to maintain the health of these critical ecosystems, if CO2 emissions are allowed to continue unchecked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This crisis is on our doorstep, not decades away. We have little time in which to respond, but respond, we must!" says Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, lead author of the Science paper, The Carbon Crisis: Coral Reefs under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Coral reefs have already taken a big hit from recent warm temperatures, but rapid rises in carbon dioxide cause acidification, which adds a new threat: the inability of corals to create calcareous skeletons," said Harvell. "Acidification actually threatens all marine animals and plants with calcareous skeletons, including corals, snails, clams and crabs. Our study shows that levels of CO2 could become unsustainable for coral reefs in as little as five decades."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The livelihoods of 100 million people living along the coasts of tropical developing countries will be among the first major casualties of rising levels of carbon in the atmosphere," says Professor Hoegh-Guldberg.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The warmer and more acidic oceans caused by the rise of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels threaten to destroy coral reef ecosystems, exposing people to flooding, coastal erosion and the loss of food and income from reef-based fisheries and tourism. And this is happening just when many nations are hoping that these industries would allow them to alleviate their impoverished state."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Coral reefs are often portrayed as natural wonders of great beauty which makes them an important tourism attraction. In Australia, revenue from international tourism to the Great Barrier Reef exceeds $6.8 billion per year. It is estimated that coral reef-related tourism generates tens of billions of dollars per year worldwide. They are the economic engine of a vast number of economies around the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professor Hoegh-Guldberg, who is based at The University of Queensland, says coral reefs occupy a unique niche in the world's environment, where water temperatures and other environmental factors are 'just right'. "But raising as little as 1°C the temperature that ocean surface waters reach in summer subjects coral reefs to stresses which lead quickly to mass bleaching. Raise the temperature a little more, and the corals that build reefs die in great numbers. No coral, no coral reef ecosystem," says Professor Hoegh-Guldberg.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In summary, the environment that has surrounded coral reefs for hundreds of thousands of years is changing so fast that compensatory biological responses are lagging behind, putting at risk the marine ecosystem with the highest biodiversity on Earth."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Professor Hoegh-Guldberg says the concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere is 380 parts per million (ppm), which is 80ppm higher than where it has been for the past 740,000 years, if not 20 million years. Increasing atmospheric CO2 has already brought about a +0.74°C rise in temperature, he says.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What can be done?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If current CO2 emission trends continue, then even the most conservative estimates predict CO2 concentrations exceeding 500ppm and global temperature increases of 2°C or more by the end of the century," Professor Hoegh-Guldberg says. "Under these conditions coral reefs are likely to dwindle into insignificance; they'll be reduced to rubble, threatening the fate of those tens of millions of people whose livelihoods depend upon them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"We clearly have to do more to reduce CO2 emissions and still more in preparing vulnerable communities to the almost inevitable problems that they will face as a result of already entrained climate change."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As world leaders gather for the last day of the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) meeting in Bali, the CRTR scientists argue that the issue of global CO2 emissions demands leadership at the international level, including a collective agreement on carbon emission reductions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Says Dr Marea Hatziolos, CRTR Team Leader, World Bank, and a co-author of the Science paper: "There is an urgent need for high carbon growth countries to reduce their total CO2 emissions and a responsibility on the part of industrialized nations to assist the most vulnerable coral reef states adapt to climate change impacts while reducing local risks to reefs."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr Hatziolos points out that most coral reefs occur within developing countries where poverty and reliance on ecosystem goods and services place great pressure on them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In developing countries, tourism based on ecosystem services provided by coral reefs is a vital and rapidly expanding industry," Dr Hatziolos says. "Much of the protein consumed by poor coastal communities is supplied in one way or another by coral reefs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Less visible, but no less important, is the essential role played by coral reefs in providing habitat for a vast array of marine species which contribute to a complex food chain that extends across the oceans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The threats to this natural capital from increased CO2 emissions generated on a global scale simply raise the urgency for local reef managers and policy-makers to take responsibility for the 'reducible risk' to coral reefs, such as over-fishing, pollution and unsustainable coastal development.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"However, this is unlikely to happen, at the intensity and scale required, unless industrialised nations make funds available to assist the most vulnerable coral reef states manage these reducible risks."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr Hatziolos says a range of policy and management tools are readily available, some of which have been refined through support from the CRTR Program, and no time should be lost in applying them more widely and effectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"These tools include coastal zone management, co-management arrangements between governments and local communities to foster effective stewardship, integrated catchment approaches to managing water quality and environmental flows, enforcement and compliance with fishing regulations, restoration of reefs and coastal vegetation and sustainable tourism," she says.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-8131062270645672282?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/8131062270645672282/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=8131062270645672282' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8131062270645672282'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8131062270645672282'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/global-warming-is-destroying-coral.html' title='Global Warming Is Destroying Coral Reefs, Major Study Warns'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R2MQX3qjBlI/AAAAAAAAAL8/Kz_9eZGYJEA/s72-c/071213152600.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6849666933550479257</id><published>2007-12-09T07:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-09T07:46:45.968-08:00</updated><title type='text'>马思聪先生的故事，，</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1wI-EsRbhI/AAAAAAAAAL0/ayWMpPvSFWs/s1600-h/NewsMedia_182361.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1wI-EsRbhI/AAAAAAAAAL0/ayWMpPvSFWs/s400/NewsMedia_182361.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5141994737054608914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今年（07年）是中国着名音乐教育家、作曲家、小提琴家马思聪先生诞辰95周年、逝世２０周年、出走美国４０周年。遵照马思聪先生的遗愿,经温家宝总理的批示，在广州市文化局及中央音乐学院、马思聪研究会等有关领导和朋友们的努力下,马思聪先生及夫人王慕理的骨灰，将于今年１２月《第六届中国音乐金钟奖》活动期间移回故乡广州。同时，还将在广州和北京两地分别举办《马思聪全集》的首发式、铜像揭幕剪彩及纪念音乐会等。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;马思聪先生在美国费城地区居住了近二十年，1987年病逝后骨灰也安葬于当地。根据日程安排，将订于１２月９日（周日）下午２时，在费城华盛顿公墓举行简单的起陵仪式。次日，马思聪先生及夫人的骨灰将由亲友护送回广州。届时，部分亲友、中国相关部门、驻美领馆及相关媒体将会出席仪式，为马思聪先生送行。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;具体时间：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;２００７年１２月９日（周日）下午两点，历时大约在一小时之内。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;地点：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Washington Memorial Park&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;80 Stenton Avenue&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;离世廿载终回故土　马思聪：把每个音符献给祖国&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2007年08月10日来源：文新传媒/新民周刊&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当代中国乐坛拥有四位伟大的音乐家，除却贺绿汀，铮铮铁骨，历经战争洗礼和十年浩劫，1999年4月27日，在祖国怀抱安然闭合上自己的眼睛，终年96 岁，其他三位却都逝世在异国。其中，最年轻的，是中华人民共和国国歌的作曲者聂耳，1939年7月17日23岁时长眠于日本海滩。横空出世、气势磅礴的《黄河大合唱》的曲作者冼星海，1945年10月30日40岁时逝世在苏联。马思聪，1987年5月20日在美国费城与世长辞，终年76岁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　如今，聂耳陵墓在云南，冼星海的骨灰葬于广州的星海苑。2007年的深秋，马思聪先生的骨灰也将归来。苍穹碧海，黄钟大吕，群英聚会，天人合一。我们无比殷切地等待着这个阳光遍地的日子。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪去国返乡路&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪先生，当年"去国"，举世震惊；今年末，他在异国离世整整20年之后，要"回来了"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　7月10日，我踏上南粤阳光下的溽热土地。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　麓湖路边的广州艺术博物院，白色墙壁和棕色门框，阳光下显得斑斑驳驳的。大厅内摆设着一只硕大编钟模样的"金钟"，呈现着黄钟大吕名副其实的沉静气派。马思聪音乐艺术馆负责人项翊告诉我，今年11月，这将是第六届中国音乐金钟奖颁奖时候摆放在舞台上的标志。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　中国音乐"金钟奖"，是中国音乐界全国综合性专家奖，承载着中国音乐界的最高荣誉。从2003年起，金钟奖永久落户广州。项翊领着我，去二楼的马思聪音乐艺术馆。我边走边表明采访来意：在预告今年金钟奖的报道中，有句非同小可的话：马思聪先生骨灰届时将返回故土，我想了解前前后后的"这一切"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　我对项翊说，我们是唱着先生的"我们新中国的儿童"长大的。28岁的项翊说，我是音乐学院学钢琴的，因为崇敬先生，前年应聘来到艺术博物院工作。我和项翊在马思聪音乐艺术馆门前停下脚步。身着西服的马思聪先生，站立大门左侧，左手扶琴，右手拉弓，全身心地浸染在自己的乐声之中。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　当然，这是马思聪先生的一座全身铜像。先生不语，我们也久久地默然。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　展示大厅迎门的玻璃橱里，摆放着一把小提琴，这是镇馆之宝：斯特拉底瓦里在250年前亲手制作的小提琴。斯氏制作的小提琴，全世界已所存无几，一把在梅纽因"那儿"，一把就在马思聪"这儿"。项翊介绍：上世纪30年代，在法国留学的马思聪，在巴黎街头获得此琴，从此终身携带。"逃亡年代"，先生抛弃全部家产，手中捧着的也就是这把小提琴。2001年，马思聪后人将这把无比珍贵的小提琴，赠给了广州马思聪音乐艺术馆。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　大厅里，摆放着的钢琴、琴凳和地毯，都是马思聪先生在美国费城居住时使用的原物。整整一堵墙上，是"艺术"化了的《思乡曲》的五线谱，一派纯白的颜色。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　我说：对马思聪先生骨灰的回归，我有三个问题。第一，马思聪先生本人在自己生前，是否有过这样的"遗嘱"，或者说是明确的表示，"我的骨灰要到祖国 "？二是，如果先生生前尚未有过这样的嘱托，那么现在的先生骨灰归来，是否可以理解为是他的夫人和子女"后来"的决定？三是，中国广州和美国费城，相隔千万里，马先生骨灰回归这件事情，具体是如何促成和怎样办理的？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　项翊回答说：马思聪先生骨灰回归，我们艺术博物院知道有这件事情，但具体操办的，是上级有关部门。对我接着的"可能性要求"，项翊已作慎重准备，他打电话给"鲁处长"，"他是马思聪音乐艺术馆筹建办公室主任，后面的事情他肯定了解"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　手机那边的"鲁处"，正躺在医院理疗的床上。项翊与对方对话：上海记者是特意飞过来，是专门为马思聪来的。接着，项翊的表情霍然开朗，病榻上的鲁处答应"会面"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　我和项翊驱车去往医院。60岁出头的鲁处，递上两张名片，上写大名：鲁大铮，一张上的职务为"广州市侨办联络接待处处长"，另一张是"马思聪艺术馆筹建办公室主任"。鲁大铮略作解释：现退休了，前边要加个"原"字。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　鲁大铮递我一个厚厚的纸袋，里面是复印的各式稿件和资料，其中有：2001年马思聪音乐艺术馆开馆时，鲁大铮撰写刊发的《马思聪音乐艺术馆始末》； 2006年12月出版的"岭南文化知识书系"丛书《马思聪》，鲁大铮为作者之一；还有广州音乐研究杂志2002年第5期的《马思聪音乐艺术研究专辑》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　说到马思聪，项翊的准备如是周到；为了马思聪，鲁大铮的回应这样快捷。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;想起家乡，我就牙儿肉儿抖&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1912年5月，马思聪出生在广东海丰县海城镇幼石街的书香门第。父亲马育航，清光绪庚子科秀才，曾任海丰小学第一任校长。马育航与同乡陈炯明自发结社反清，陈炯明任广东省省长兼粤军总司令时，马育航任广州市财政局局长，后为广东省财政厅厅长。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　家境殷实，少年的马思聪听风弹琴，随雨吟唱。1923年秋冬，11岁的马思聪随20岁的大哥，西渡来到法国巴黎，住在名曰"半个月亮"的公寓里。两年后，马思聪考上法国巴黎音乐学院预科班。1928年，马思聪以优异成绩，正式考入巴黎国立音乐学院提琴班，成为中国，也是亚洲第一个考入这座高等学府的黄种人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1929年初，国内家境突变，马思聪回国。他先后在香港、广州、上海等地演出，被誉为"音乐神童"。1931年，经当时广东省政府资助安排，马思聪二度赴法留学，第二年归来，任中国第一所现代"私立音乐学院"院长。马思聪结识王慕理，这对以琴为媒的师生之恋，奏响了婚礼进行曲，马思聪时年20岁。其后，马思聪分别在北京和南京任教。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1937年，中国抗日战争爆发。在鲁大铮笔下，1937年的广州，"一面是警报、炸弹和高射炮的三重奏，一面是抗战情绪汹涌澎湃的和声"。当上海"八一三"保卫战志士的热血，倾洒在苏州河畔的时候，马思聪即日谱就"战士们！冲锋啊"的大众歌曲。马思聪在后来的文章里这样说：这时期大部分的抗战歌曲，可以说全是在炸弹爆发下孵化出来的，歌词大多是在书局新出的诗集中找出来的。"音乐穿上武器，吹起号角，便着实参加这大时代的斗争了。"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在这血与火年代的缝隙里，马思聪完成了自己不朽的名作??《思乡曲》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在今天的文字资料和网络搜寻中，可以看到对马思聪音乐创作中富有民族性、民歌风格和地域色彩的阐述和肯定，却已无法找见描绘马思聪创作《思乡曲》的具象情景。也许是北国丰腴的土地业已沦陷，东部海岸的防线炮火连天，身处广州弹丸之地的他，只得将目光转向内地的旷寂草原。马思聪听到了来自内蒙绥远河套地区的民谣：　　城墙上有人，城墙下有马，想起了我的家乡，我就牙儿肉儿抖。举目回望四野荒凉，落日依山雁儿飞散，庙台的金顶闪闪光，驼群的影遮列天边，哎噢咦啊想家乡。风大啊黄沙满天，夜寒啊星辰作帐，草高啊盖着牛羊，家乡啊想念不忘。我的家乡路儿正长，心头怅惘。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪完成的《绥远组曲》，内分三章：一、史诗；二、思乡曲；三、塞外舞曲。战火纷飞的岁月，《思乡曲》呼唤起广大民众背井离乡的惆怅心境和对故乡亲人无比眷恋的真挚感情。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1942年，暂居香港的马思聪，携家眷回到家乡广东海丰。他跟堂弟一起，为《思乡曲》填上新词：　　当那杜鹃啼过声声添乡怨，更那堪江水呜咽，流浪儿啊，那边就是你可爱的故乡，就是有水鸟翱翔的地方，那边白云映红荔村前，暖丽南国多情的孩子，你为什么不回家？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　《思乡曲》是马思聪享有盛誉的伟大作品。当年评论如是解读：作曲家是国民之一，是民族中感性特别强的人，作曲家的心情时常是一个民族的心情，这种追求与我们共鸣。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　此时的马思聪当然不可能想到，在20多年后，他的《思乡曲》，会成为中华人民共和国中央人民广播电台对台湾地区广播的开始曲。他更不能够预料，他的《思乡曲》会成为在上世纪60年代中期，引发他命运转折的音响符号。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　《祖国》、《春天》和《欢喜》&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1939年10月，马思聪经过长途跋涉，一家三口来到重庆。在这里，马思聪结识了在他以后的人生道路上非常重要的朋友李凌。两人是广东老乡，又都是音乐文化人，彼此亲密无间。李凌从延安来，肩负周恩来交付的任务：要做音乐界上层的统战工作，许多音乐家是主张抗日的，要关心团结他们，人越多越好，要有一些知名的音乐家来关心支持音乐事业才好。李凌开始频繁接触马思聪，关注马思聪的思想和情绪，从音乐艺术直至谈到民族命运。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1940年5月，在重庆嘉陵宾馆的晚宴上，马思聪见到周恩来。这是他们的第一次相见。"周恩来大步流星地走到马思聪面前，紧紧握住了他的手。"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1945年，马思聪和徐迟同在重庆。8月，毛泽东为国共谈判事飞抵此地。9月16日，乔木告诉徐迟："今天下午3点钟，你和马思聪两人，一起到红岩村去，到时候会有车子来接你的。"毛泽东和周恩来这次对文艺界的接见，谈话主要在毛泽东和马思聪之间进行。马思聪向毛泽东提出普及与提高的问题。毛泽东回应说：既要有普及工作者，也要有写提高作品的作者，鲁迅先生是一个写提高作品的作者，但如果大家都来当鲁迅先生，那也就不好办了。后来徐迟解释，毛泽东希望马思聪这样的大音乐家写一些提高作品，但同时也做一些普及工作。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1946年11月，马思聪到上海，与乔冠华、龚澎会面，出席由周恩来主持的上海各界人士座谈会。1947年，马思聪任香港中华音乐学院院长，完成《祖国大合唱》。马思聪使用陕北眉户的民歌曲调，铺就开篇的歌曲，象征着光明从延安来。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1948年夏天，美国驻华大使司徒雷登来到马思聪的住所，用流利的普通话"顺道"拜访马思聪先生。大使直言不讳地说：中国要落在共产党之手了，共产党只要扭秧歌、打腰鼓，不要贝多芬、莫扎特；美国政府盛情邀请马思聪先生到美国大学任教；五线谱是世界语言，希望能在美国听到马先生的琴声。马思聪当场谢绝。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　数日后，一位西装革履的美国人来到马家，递上名片，他的名字是"Newton"(纽顿)。纽顿说，他受司徒雷登大使的委托，已为马思聪先生联系好了在美国工作的大学，聘请他当音乐教授，此次来访是请马思聪定下时间，以便他去预订马思聪和全家人飞往美国的机票。纽顿的结局和司徒雷登一样，在被马思聪坚决拒绝后悻悻离去。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　当年，马思聪完成《春天大合唱》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1949年1月，北平和平解放。4月，在香港地下党的精心安排下，马思聪和一百多位知名爱国人士，从香港经烟台抵达北平。7月，马思聪被选为全国音协副主席。9月，作为全国文联代表，马思聪出席第一届中国人民政治协商会议。10月1日，出席天安门中华人民共和国成立大典。马思聪谱就《欢喜组曲》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　不久，周恩来约见马思聪，问道：如何在一片废墟上发展新中国的音乐事业？马思聪提出"人才第一"的观点，培养新中国的音乐人才，首先要办学校。周恩来应声说道：正在考虑建立中国最高音乐学府中央音乐学院，拟请马思聪先生出任院长。12月18日，马思聪随周恩来出访苏联归来，即被政务院任命为中央音乐学院院长，时年37岁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　新中国成立后，马思聪是中南海常客。国家领导人宴请国宾，常请马思聪即席演奏。一次，周恩来把时任外交部长的陈毅拉到马思聪身边，打趣道：陈老总，我们三个人都是法国留学生，人家马思聪就学到了东西，而我们俩就没学到。意气风发的年代，意气风发的马思聪，为中央音乐学院校报题词：诚心诚意做一条孺子的好牛。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当《思乡曲》改成《东方红》&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1950年，郭沫若作词、马思聪作曲的儿童歌曲传唱全国，经团中央确定为《中国少年先锋队队歌》。"团结起来继承我们的父兄，不怕艰难不怕担子重，为了新中国的建设而奋斗，学习伟大的领袖毛泽东"，20世纪五六十年代，亿万中国少年儿童唱着这首歌长大。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1952年，马思聪"隔墙听音"，录取15岁的林耀基进入中央音乐学院少年班学习。两年后，录取13岁的盛中国进校，并亲自点派两人赴苏联深造。 1955年，马思聪赴波兰，担任第五届国际肖邦钢琴比赛评委。中国派出的选手傅聪同行。十多天相处，马思聪给予傅聪"改进意见"。国际比赛众星璀璨，傅聪脱颖而出，夺得最高的"马茹卡舞曲奖"。1958年，马思聪任柴可夫斯基钢琴和小提琴国际比赛评委，携弟子刘诗昆到莫斯科。赛前，马思聪对刘诗昆说：手指触键要更短促、更有力，"锤子击钟后不立刻离开就把音捂死了，音会发闷"。在比赛中，刘诗昆获得第二名。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　然而，马思聪也渐感困惑和沉重。上海音乐学院的年轻学子，撰文对某交响作品进行探讨，被打成"反党右派小集团"，押送至北大荒劳改；并号召对贺绿汀展开"深刻揭发和尖锐批判"。随着一个又一个的运动，音乐界宽松自由的氛围，渐被横扫殆尽。马思聪自己也受到批判：引导学生只专不红，要把中央音乐学院办成巴黎音乐学院。"拔白旗"的文字中甚至出现了这样字眼：马思聪演奏舒伯特的《圣母颂》，是将听众引入教堂，引到神像脚下。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　山雨欲来，风已满楼。时间的脚步迈到了1966年。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　5月，一个星期天，一学生神色慌张地来到马思聪院长家中，他说：无产阶级文化大革命开始了，学习小提琴是迷恋资产阶级思想和资产阶级生活方式，他不能再跟老师学琴了。6月，马思聪受到急进学生高呼着口号的狂暴围攻：打倒资产阶级反动权威马思聪，打倒吸血鬼马思聪。学生们给马思聪一大捆书写好的大字报，命令他张贴在家中，认真阅读，触及灵魂。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪目瞪口呆，一动不动，一切似在恶梦之中。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪被关进"社会主义学院"，那里有学院党委书记、各系主任，还有北京艺术院校、电影院校、文艺界权威和知名人士，计500多人。在军管人员的监督下，他们读报、讨论，书写批判自己和揭发同榻朋友的"反党言行"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　鲁大铮为筹建马思聪艺术博物馆，曾与马氏后人多次接触，对于那个年代，他笔下这样记录：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　8月一天，马思聪被押上卡车，回到音乐学院。下车的马思聪脚跟尚未站稳，一桶浆糊倒在他的头上，一些人往他的身上贴大字报，把一顶写着"牛鬼蛇神"的高帽子戴到他的头上。马思聪脖子上挂着两块硬纸板，一块上写着"资产阶级音乐权威马思聪"，另一块上写着"吸血鬼"。学生们让马思聪手拿一只破搪瓷盆作为 "丧钟"，边敲边走，说这是"敲响了资产阶级的丧钟"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在任何时候，只要红卫兵"高兴"，就可以命令马思聪他们低头，叫他们在地上爬行。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　一次，一个红卫兵拿着一把尖刀，对着马思聪吼叫：你要老实交代问题，要不然就拿刀子捅了你。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　一日，马思聪在草地上拔草，一造反派走过来，粗暴地指着马思聪呵斥：你还配拔草，你姓马，只配吃草。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪的家，红卫兵把写有打倒马思聪的大标语，贴满门窗和围墙，大门口只留下一个一米高的洞口。并且责令马思聪夫人王慕理，每天打扫街道，每天写一份揭发马思聪的罪行材料，"如不老实，死路一条"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　当妻子王慕理无法承受这等威胁和惊吓，与儿子、女儿逃离北京，开始流浪生涯的时候，马思聪在偷偷地问音乐学院党委书记赵沨："这什么时候才是个头啊？"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪的心"头"是有个底的，那就是：只要中央人民广播电台对台湾和海外侨胞广播的节目开始曲还是《思乡曲》，他马思聪就还没有被坚决打倒、没有被彻底否定，就还有希望，还有盼头，他就还是"人民内部矛盾"，还能演奏自己心爱的小提琴；理由明确而简单：因为"中央"还在使用他的"声音"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1966年11月28日，中央人民广播电台对台湾和海外侨胞广播开始曲，停止播放《思乡曲》，改为陕北信天游民歌《东方红》。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪顿时陷入万念俱灰的境地。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1966年年末，马思聪小女儿马瑞雪"潜回"北京，见到满头灰发的憔悴父亲。女儿把"准备"到香港避风养病的计划和盘托出，马思聪即刻拒绝。马思聪回答：他一生坦荡，无愧于世，不走此路。经过两个多小时的争执，女儿改换说法，先回广州市，再到南海县，休息养病，观望形势。身心处于极度疲惫和失望中的马思聪，终于同意了，"走吧"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　此时此刻，"牛鬼蛇神"已沦为落水狗，其"重要性"让位给"走资本主义道路的当权派"。马思聪以肝病复发为由，向看守人员请假，回家休息一周，获得批准。马思聪携琴坐火车南下。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　有一条船，在南方的海面上等候着马思聪的女儿。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　这个消息令马思聪心烦意乱，举棋不定。摆在他面前的有两条路，要么回北京继续过那日遭凌辱、夜做恶梦，生死未卜的日子；要么逃离尘嚣、远离灾难，以求生存。马思聪陷入命运抉择的两难之中。经过激烈的思想斗争，马思聪最终作出一生中最为痛苦的决定。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1967年1月15日夜晚，马思聪携带着他那把至爱的小提琴，与妻子、子女，登上广州新港渔轮修配厂的002号电动船，悄然出海，往香港方向驶去，16日凌晨到达香港九龙的海滩。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　鲁大铮说道，偷渡蛇头，做的是生意，他不管你是马思聪还是老百姓，他也不想知道你是谁，这还少了风险；他要的就是钱。那时候，偷渡去香港，一个人的费用是一万元人民币，如果是举家出走，一家再加一万。"这时候的马思聪一家人，身无分文"，与蛇头说好，由马家在香港的亲戚"付钱"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;马思聪一家人在海岸边的岩洞，与亲戚见面，商定：香港也并非久留之地，只有去投靠在1948年已定居美国的胞弟。这位亲戚来到美国驻香港总领事馆。其后两天，英国领事和美国领事，来到这位亲戚家中，"一边录音，一边记录"。20日中午，两位领事再度来到亲戚家，"带领"马思聪全家来到莎士比亚大厦，略作梳洗，再次乘坐美国领事馆的轿车，驶进启德机场。美国领事和马思聪家人坐在了头等舱位。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　第二年4月12日，马思聪与弟弟在纽约露面，马思聪说道：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　我个人遭受的一切不幸和中国当前发生的悲剧比较起来，完全是微不足道的，眼下还在那儿继续着的所谓"文化大革命"运动中所出现的残酷、强暴、无知和疯狂程度，是17年来所没有的……去年夏秋所发生的事件，使我完全陷入了绝望，并迫使我和我的家属像乞丐一样在各处流浪，成了漂泊四方的"饥饿的幽灵"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在《思乡曲》完成了整整30年之后，马思聪也成为了思乡之人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　对于马思聪的出走，他的老朋友徐迟，在悼念马思聪逝世一周年的《祭马思聪文》中这样写道：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　历史上，放逐、出奔这类事不少。屈原、但丁是有名的例子。在"文革"中，我中华民族的着名作曲家马思聪先生，受尽极"左"路线的残酷迫害，被迫于 1967年出走国外，以抗议暴徒罪恶，维护了人的尊严，他根本没有错，却还是蒙受了十九年(1967-1985年)的不白之冤。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;何日洗客袍&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　公安部的《关于马思聪投敌案请示报告》，经康生、谢富治批示，马思聪"叛国投敌"案得以严厉彻查，几十人被牵连入狱。在上海生活的马思聪的二哥跳楼身亡，岳母、侄女和厨师相继被迫害致死。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　1976年1月8日，周恩来与世长辞。马思聪在日记中写道：周恩来死后，世界极为注意。他跟儿女说：自己十分敬重周恩来，周恩来对他也爱护有加。他也回忆起与毛泽东相处的情景：毛泽东有非凡的聪明，眼睛出奇明亮，问一知十；他曾与毛泽东讨论音乐艺术达3个小时，最终都能达成共识；毛泽东喜欢读书，喜欢写诗，大家都有艺术细胞，是知音。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　当年10月，国内"揪出四人帮"，马思聪写道：报纸、TV报道江青及文革几个头目被捕，大快人心。对祖国，马思聪魂牵梦绕：国内能否好起来？何日洗客袍？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　乡愁哀怨，使得马思聪在异国的日子里，谱就了《李白诗六首》、《唐诗八首》等作品。其中一首就是："相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡烛成灰泪始干。"马思聪将自己有家难归的悲凉心情，借用古诗名句演绎得分外真切。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1980年6月，马思聪胞弟夫妇应中国文化部邀请，在北京和上海举办独奏音乐会。统战部部长乌兰夫接见，并请转达对马思聪夫妇回国的邀请。当年7月，小女儿马瑞雪准备经香港赴美国探亲，马思聪即让夫人王慕理回电话：不要来了，国庆在北京见。王慕理转达马思聪的话：国家不是房子，房子住旧了，住腻了，可以调一间，祖国只有一个。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1982年，马思聪在重庆时结识的"非常重要的老朋友"，时任中央音乐学院领导的李凌，就马思聪"问题"向中央写报告，胡耀邦、邓小平表示：可以欢迎他回来看看。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1984年10月，中央音乐学院向公安部、文化部提交了三份报告：《关于对我院原院长马思聪先生落实政策问题的请示报告》、《对马思聪"叛国投敌"案的平反结论意见》和《关于给马思聪先生彻底平反的决定》。当年11月，当年的学生会主席，时任中央音乐学院院长吴祖强，到美国拜访老院长。这是马思聪在离开祖国18年后见到的，第一位以官方身份前来拜访的大陆来人。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪与徐迟是结识于上世纪40年代的好朋友。40年后，徐迟应美国爱荷华国际写作计划(IWP)的邀请＿＿至美国旅行。为见到马思聪，徐迟专程访问宾夕法尼亚州的费拉台尔菲亚城。对这次异国重逢，徐迟日后写道：&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1984年11月，当我在美国费城和他会晤之时，他给我最初印象最令我惊奇。虽然他还和过去一样的故人情重，且神志泰然，并相当乐观，还在勤奋作曲，我感到他和以前却有所不同。我没有去深入思考他在哪一点上跟以前不同。我只是从他的声音笑貌中，感到他似乎不时流露着一点点不易觉察的细微凄怆，却未能体会他心灵深处，埋藏着巨大的痛苦。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　这一年的12月31日，公安部作出《关于对于中央音乐学院党委为马思聪"叛国投递"案平反意见的决定》；1985年2月6日，文化部发出《关于给马思聪平反的通知》。2月12日，中央音乐学院院长、书记等一起署名，向身在美国的马思聪先生发出公函。农历腊月二十九，马思聪收到"对马思聪冤案彻底平反的通知"，全家人悲喜交加，燃放烟花以示庆贺。马思聪记下日记：春天逐渐又回来了，祖国也逐渐走近了。年初二，马思聪会见平反后第一个前来采访他的中国大陆记者，他万分感慨地说：苏武牧羊19年啊！&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　噩耗传来，天塌地崩&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1985年是中央音乐学院建校35周年纪念日，马思聪写下"礼能节众，乐能和众"的题词，送递北京。他没有回来。第二年1月，北京国际青少年小提琴比赛委员会正式向马思聪发出邀请函。他没有回来。马思聪收到了对他有过粗暴行为的当年学生写来的忏悔信件；马思聪还收到了红领巾班给马爷爷的信件，汇报"当我听到中国少先队队歌的时候"的感想。他没有回来。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　在费城家居的客厅，马思聪和夫人王慕理共同聆听贝多芬的《第五交响乐》，即《命运交响乐》，马思聪失声痛哭，王慕理问话，马思聪回答：这个世界……&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　身在美国的马思聪深居简出。两房一厅的家居，墙上挂着齐白石、张大千的字画，阳台上摆着的花草盆景，使用的台布、沙发巾、床单和被面，都是从唐人街买回来的中国货。没有大型乐队的伴奏，马思聪的生活里，只有潜心于音乐创作，他的心灵方能忘却窗外一切，使灵魂暂获平静。时有闲暇，他春夏推草，秋天扫叶，冬天除雪。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　80年代初，马思聪将维吾尔情诗《热碧亚??赛丁》改编为歌剧，起名为《冰山下的恋歌》。故事跌宕，情节感人，马思聪自己感到满意。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　几乎同时，马思聪的芭蕾舞剧《晚霞》完稿。舞剧的源起，是他在蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》中读到了《晚霞》。故事说，一男阿端不慎落水，不知生死，被人导去，水中别有天地。有年十四五的女郎，名曰晚霞，"振袖倾鬟，作散花舞，翩翩翔起，衿袖袜履间，皆出五色花朵，随风飏下，飘泊满庭"。阿端与女郎"会于莲亩"。后女被"龙窝君"唤至宫内，教习歌舞，数月不返。女逃出，与阿端生一子。又有王姓豪门欲夺晚霞，女自曝是女鬼，且以"龟溺毁容"，不从"而去"。也许是，在《晚霞》里，身在异国的马思聪再次被故国文化的生动故事感动，也许更可以说是其精妙内涵的锋芒指向，与自己现实遭遇的默然契合，使得他欣然命笔，编曲编舞。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　马思聪《晚霞》完稿，交人带回国内，希望能在北京演出；他写信说："《晚霞》颇有雅俗共赏的好处"。只是，马思聪认为的，"如果安排好的话"，应当出现的"适当时刻"，一直没有"出现"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　1987年3月，马思聪感冒住院，转为肺炎并引发心脏病。5月20日，手术失败，在美国费城宾州医院冰冷的手术床上，中国一代音乐巨子马思聪，与世长辞。终年76岁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　鲁大铮这样复述马氏后人对当时的描绘：病发初期，马思聪本人及家人，都认为并不严重，决定开刀，医生们也认为，手术会得到成功。所以，马思聪本人完全没有想到要"留遗言"，家人也完全没有丝毫思想上的准备。噩耗传来，天塌地崩。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;批示：请文化部研办&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;马思聪夫人王慕理，在马思聪逝世13年后，于2000年去世。其大女儿先于母亲因心脏病离世。2001年7月18日，马思聪小女儿夫妇从费城回国。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;国务院侨办领导在接见时说：马思聪是爱国爱乡的，我们都怀念他。我们对台湾广播的栏目音乐，就是用马思聪的《思乡曲》。文化部领导接见时说：马思聪是一位杰出的小提琴家、作曲家、音乐教育家，我们要研究他的作品，演出他的作品，弘扬他的艺术。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;时任国务院副总理的李岚清曾问中央音乐学院院长：中国有没有像贝多芬那样有分量的交响乐？院长回答：有，马思聪就有。李副总理说：好，那就演马思聪的，让人们知道中国也有自己的交响乐。由此，中央音乐学院领导在会见马思聪女儿夫妇的时候，特意告知，北京将举行盛大的音乐会演奏马思聪先生的作品。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;经反复协调和周密筹备，2001年10月29日，最初被称为马思聪艺术馆的筹建办公室在广州正式挂牌，鲁大铮为"马办主任"。鲁大铮的理解是：马上就办，而且要"将革命进行到底"。2002年初，广州市文化局和广州市艺术博物院派员赴美国费城，马氏后人将马思聪遗物中最重要的两把小提琴和1400多页手稿，捐赠给从祖国家乡而来的客人。2月初，马思聪女儿因病长辞人世。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2002年5月17日，马思聪音乐艺术馆隆重揭幕。马思聪的儿子，却因车祸卧床，无法从美国赶来。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;鲁大铮详细讲述了关于马思聪先生骨灰回葬祖国、回葬家乡的经过。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2006年，国内一访问团来到美国，其中有位国内音乐杂志的负责人，他与马思聪妹妹的女婿，曾是同学。在马氏后人陪同下，他特意前往拜谒马思聪先生的陵墓。面对眼前的异国景象，他语重心长地说：马思聪先生是中国伟大的音乐家，马先生逝世有18年了，且葬在他乡，马先生应该叶落归根；你们全家是否可以好好地考虑一下，让马思聪先生的骨灰"回去"？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;马思聪先生在美国费城的全体后人聚会，做出决定：父亲该回国了，父亲该回家了。马思聪先生唯一的儿子马如龙，当面委托，请这位朋友回国后，全权代表处理这件事情。这位朋友回到北京，以马如龙的名义，写下书面信件，向有关方面提出马思聪先生骨灰回国安葬事宜。国务院主要领导同志对此信作出批示：请文化部研办。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;鲁大铮与这位马如龙的全权委托人有过电话联络，我请鲁先生核对电话记录后，第二天上午再次见面时候，再给我"一字不差的肯定回应"。第二天，鲁大铮如约到宾馆来，他慎重地跟我说：国务院领导批示，就是：请文化部研办。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;紧接着的事情，就是"走程序"。广州市有关领导机构召开专门会议，市文化局、民政局等相应部门正在落实马思聪骨灰回归的"一切事宜"。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;把每一个音符献给祖国&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;巨匠已去，岁月荏苒。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;鲁大铮说：如果非要"那么说"，马思聪先生生前是否提过，身后骨灰要叶落归根回到祖国这样具体的嘱咐，可以说是没有的。原因非常简单，因为家族、子女，包括马思聪先生本人，当时都没有想到会上了手术台，而"下不来"。"思想上没有这样准备"。但是，我们又可以这样说，获得政治平反后的马思聪先生和家人，又何尝不是在时时刻刻准备着，回到自己的祖国。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2007年的深秋，马思聪先生的骨灰要回来了。马先生的儿子马如龙与鲁大铮电话联络，如果身体健康允许，他将护送父亲骨灰回到家乡。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;在1971年7月，前往中国做出"破冰之旅"的美国总统安全事务助理基辛格，从北京返回美国，"托人向马思聪转达了周恩来的问候，转告了周恩来那段感人肺腑的话语"。周恩来的讲话是：我平生有两件事深感遗憾，其中之一就是马思聪50多岁离乡背井去美国，我很难过。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1990年6月1日，被尘封了半个世纪的张学良，首度在台北圆山饭店公开庆祝90华诞。席间，老人提出要求，要求"听《思乡曲》"。当《思乡曲》的温婉旋律响起在庆祝大厅的时候，张学良潸然低首，哽咽无语；围护着老人的人们，默默流泪。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;获得平反的马思聪先生，面对前去采访的大陆记者说过的话，必将与天地共存、与日月同辉：我要把每一个音符献给祖国。（陆幸生）&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6849666933550479257?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6849666933550479257/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6849666933550479257' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6849666933550479257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6849666933550479257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/blog-post.html' title='马思聪先生的故事，，'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1wI-EsRbhI/AAAAAAAAAL0/ayWMpPvSFWs/s72-c/NewsMedia_182361.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-8528681395966342409</id><published>2007-12-06T12:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-06T12:19:06.806-08:00</updated><title type='text'>一把老吉他，一段老男声---Some Dreams</title><content type='html'>演唱： Allan Taylor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Allan Taylor 有着 歌手 、吉他手、音乐家、诗人等多重身分，来自英国，他的演奏生涯超过三十年。他低沉醇厚的嗓音与优雅纯熟的吉他技巧，搭配其他优秀乐手的简单乐器伴奏，特别适合一个人的时候，或者几个知音邀约在某个地方，夜深人静的时候轻松欣赏&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are big, some dreams are small&lt;br /&gt;有些梦想很大，有些很小&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are carried away on the wind and never dreamed at all&lt;br /&gt;有些随风而去，不再想起&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams tell lies, some dreams come true&lt;br /&gt;有些如同谎言，有些成真&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve got a whole lot of dreams and I can dream for you&lt;br /&gt;我做过了很多的梦，却总是梦见你&lt;br /&gt;If not for me, if not for you&lt;br /&gt;如果不是因为我，如果不是为了你&lt;br /&gt;I ’ d be dreaming all day I wouldn ’ t know what to do&lt;br /&gt;我会整日发梦，不知所措&lt;br /&gt;I ’ d hang around, I ’ d lose my way&lt;br /&gt;我会团团乱转，迷失自我&lt;br /&gt;I ’ d put off what I couldn ’ t do for another day&lt;br /&gt;并且日复一日，蹉跎万事&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are big, some dreams are small&lt;br /&gt;有些梦想很大，有些很小&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are carried away on the wind and never dreamed at all&lt;br /&gt;有些随风而去，不再想起&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams tell lies, some dreams come true&lt;br /&gt;有些如同谎言，有些成真&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve got a whole lot of dreams and I can dream for you&lt;br /&gt;我做过了很多的梦，却总是梦见你&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve spent my life hung up on dreams&lt;br /&gt;我消磨了光阴，沉醉梦里 ,&lt;br /&gt;I float along like a summer cloud or so it seems&lt;br /&gt;我飘飘荡荡，好像夏天里的一朵云&lt;br /&gt;I get it wrong most things I do&lt;br /&gt;我做错了太多的事情&lt;br /&gt;But I can write a song and this one ’ s for you&lt;br /&gt;但我还能够写一首歌，这首歌，送给你&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are big, some dreams are small&lt;br /&gt;有些梦想很大，有些很小&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are carried away on the wind and never dreamed at all&lt;br /&gt;有些随风而去，不再想起&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams tell lies, some dreams come true&lt;br /&gt;有些如同谎言，有些成真&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve got a whole lot of dreams and I can dream for you&lt;br /&gt;我做过了很多的梦，却总是梦见你&lt;br /&gt;Some call it fate, some call it chance&lt;br /&gt;有人把这叫做宿命，有人说是偶然&lt;br /&gt;Some call waiting around for someone to ask you to dance&lt;br /&gt;有人说这是在舞池里等待邀请&lt;br /&gt;If I had my way, if I could call the tune&lt;br /&gt;如果当时我没有迷失，如果我可以挪动脚步&lt;br /&gt;You wouldn ’ t have to wait ‘ cause I would dance you around the moon&lt;br /&gt;你不必等待，因为我会像月亮的卫星，围绕着你跳舞&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are big, some dreams are small&lt;br /&gt;有些梦想很大，有些很小&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams are carried away on the wind and never dreamed at all&lt;br /&gt;有些随风而去，不再想起&lt;br /&gt;Some dreams tell lies, some dreams come true&lt;br /&gt;有些如同谎言，有些成真&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve got a whole lot of dreams and I can dream for you&lt;br /&gt;我做过了很多的梦，却总是梦见你&lt;br /&gt;I ’ ve got a whole lot of dreams and I can dream for you&lt;br /&gt;我做过了很多的梦，却总是梦见你&lt;br /&gt;也许很多人对这首歌不以为然，的确它没有出色的旋律来烘托。第一次听，只有那沧桑而和煦的声线，似乎听听就可如是带过。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不过，那声音次次浮现在潜意识中，让你不得不一次又一次地回首，越听味道越浓&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;那音色，那感情，若非经历过，实在难以发出&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;不管过眼多少烟云，终究沉稳地走着，唱着…漫长的时间旅途，歌声将陪伴一生&lt;br /&gt;http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=200712&amp;postID=5157)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-8528681395966342409?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/8528681395966342409/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=8528681395966342409' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8528681395966342409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8528681395966342409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/some-dreams.html' title='一把老吉他，一段老男声---Some Dreams'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5497075938812008521</id><published>2007-12-02T13:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-12-02T13:13:03.299-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Human Stem Cell Breakthrough: No Embryos Required</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1Mf00sRbgI/AAAAAAAAALs/MPCx98BYbkA/s1600-R/5F0CD897-E7F2-99DF-3401781447B93D5F_1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1Mf00sRbgI/AAAAAAAAALs/ccAPuRUqesM/s400/5F0CD897-E7F2-99DF-3401781447B93D5F_1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5139486592117861890" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The end of the politically explosive, decadelong ethical battle over human embryonic stem cells may finally be in sight. Two groups of researchers report today that washing human skin cells in similar cocktails of four genes enabled them to reprogram the cells to resemble those harvested from embryos. The finding potentially paves the way for scores of labs to generate new stem cell lines without cloned embryos, which had long been considered the only realistic way of making human stem cells in the short run.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The long run's getting a lot closer," says stem cell biologist James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in Madison, a senior author of one of the studies. "I do believe this is the beginning of a great change."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He is not alone. British newspapers reported this weekend that Ian Wilmut, the University of Edinburgh biologist who led the team that in 1997 cloned Dolly the sheep, is getting out of the cloning business in light of the new findings, which seem to offer researchers a likely new source of stem cell lines for basic research that could one day lead to new treatments and perhaps cures for spinal injuries, diabetes and debilitating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. In the nearer term, reprogrammed cells may improve the screening drug candidates for harmful side effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"That's the writing on the wall right now," says biologist Arnold Kriegstein, director of the Institute for Regeneration Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although both groups' reprogrammed cells were able to differentiate into the three main tissue types when injected into mice, Thomson cautions that they may harbor subtle, yet to be found quirks, and will need considerable tweaking before they could be safely transplanted into humans. Importantly, researchers must still study existing embryonic stem cell lines—the gold standard—to rule out any hidden risks in the lab-made cells, he says. "People want to rush and say, 'we don't need embryonic stem cells anymore,' and over time that might be true, but right now that's premature."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results help fill in the scientific puzzle kicked off by Dolly's cloning, which proved that mammalian egg cells were capable of dissolving the genetic roadblocks that limit the potential of most adult cells to give rise to only a single type of tissue—that of the organ from which they hail—whereas embryonic stem cells have the potential to become virtually any kind of body tissue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So researchers began testing genes that were only active in embryonic stem cells to try to pin down those capable of triggering the change. One such group, led by biologist Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University in Japan, reported last year that four genes, delivered to mouse cells by a retrovirus, were sufficient to induce pluripotency (the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types). The genes—Oct 3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4—are molecular switches called transcription factors, which activate other genes in series like a power strip.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yamanaka's group and two others followed up earlier this year with firmer evidence that these induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells faithfully mimicked the patterns of gene activity and cellular differentiation observed in embryonic stem cells.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now Yamanaka and his colleagues report in the journal Cell that the same combination of genes induced pluripotency in commercially available human fibroblasts (connective tissue cells that play a crucial role in healing) derived from the facial skin of a 36-year-old woman, the joint tissue of a man, aged 69, and a newborn, respectively.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5497075938812008521?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5497075938812008521/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5497075938812008521' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5497075938812008521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5497075938812008521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/12/human-stem-cell-breakthrough-no-embryos.html' title='Human Stem Cell Breakthrough: No Embryos Required'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R1Mf00sRbgI/AAAAAAAAALs/ccAPuRUqesM/s72-c/5F0CD897-E7F2-99DF-3401781447B93D5F_1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-8163456590348213135</id><published>2007-11-28T15:28:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-28T15:45:19.401-08:00</updated><title type='text'>人生</title><content type='html'>21年的求学，&lt;br /&gt;若干年世界各地的奔波与经历，&lt;br /&gt;看到初中同学的孩子都快上初中了，&lt;br /&gt;高中同学的孩子都能打酱油了， &lt;br /&gt;大学同学的孩子都活泼乱跳了，马上也能打酱油了，&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;而我， 还在奔波，，，，，，&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039SYeBcpI/AAAAAAAAALc/weHJ80q-AjY/s1600-h/images2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039SYeBcpI/AAAAAAAAALc/weHJ80q-AjY/s400/images2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5138041242147451538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;生活到底该怎么过， 该是什么样？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今天看到冯小刚的一段对话， 感触很深。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;南都：除了市场的探索外，作为一个职业导演，艺术上和心态上一路走来，你有什么变化？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;　　冯小刚：我原来拍片挺较劲的，比较急迫，希望一部一部接着出作品，现在我没这么急迫了，现在很知足。当然我说这话的时候有人会认为我很消极……过去啊，我认为拍电影是唯死唯大的事情，唯一的事，天下最重要、最有乐趣的事。但今天呢，我觉得它不是唯一的，我有点疲劳，有点累了。这电影要喘息，你得生活去，要从容一点，把剧本弄得好一点，有感而发。我对自己说，你也拍了很多片子了，也证明了能力了，有资格有张有弛地过了。(怎么弛？)比如说可以去不同国家看看，打打高尔夫，斗斗地主(笑)，跟多年不见的老朋友一块叙叙旧，这些都非常有意思。事实证明有好多时候我就是因为拍电影才失去了这么多生活！我最大的变化是这个。说俗一点，现在我名利双收(笑)，但我没有那么大野心说名还不够，我还得怎样，我不是。我整个人生，我这个人，在世界上是个过客，这是一个让我很放松的说法——再怎么辉煌都是一个过客，我想还应该多拿出点时间来去投身到火热的生活里(大笑)，电影呢……就是玩也会玩得疲劳的。等到拍电影时的欲望膨胀起来了、升腾起来了，我再去做就非常好。就像你不饿了还在吃饭，就等于浪费粮食。现在谁家的房子装修，或者弄一个会所，说小刚你来给出出主意，哎呦我就高兴，恨不得搭着工夫搭着钱，上赶子帮人干这事儿！南都：你从“我必须努力”转入到现在这种平和、随缘的心态，这个转变怎么发生的？&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;我该具有这种心态吗？ 或我有资格具有这种心态吗？ 其实有与没有， 都不重要， 关键看你自己是想有还是没有。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039fIeBcqI/AAAAAAAAALk/kgI8iXjwEBI/s1600-h/images.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039fIeBcqI/AAAAAAAAALk/kgI8iXjwEBI/s400/images.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5138041461190783650" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039SYeBcpI/AAAAAAAAALc/weHJ80q-AjY/s1600-h/images2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039SYeBcpI/AAAAAAAAALc/weHJ80q-AjY/s400/images2.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5138041242147451538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-8163456590348213135?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/8163456590348213135/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=8163456590348213135' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8163456590348213135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8163456590348213135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post.html' title='人生'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R039SYeBcpI/AAAAAAAAALc/weHJ80q-AjY/s72-c/images2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-818327158962926325</id><published>2007-11-27T14:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-27T14:26:15.343-08:00</updated><title type='text'>a very touching song</title><content type='html'>I heard this song at Wenxuecity. It is like a story stiking me much.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I already lefe home almost 17 month. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bless dad and mom happy and health at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;:)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/MpkI7GW2V34&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/MpkI7GW2V34&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-818327158962926325?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/818327158962926325/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=818327158962926325' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/818327158962926325'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/818327158962926325'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/very-touching-song.html' title='a very touching song'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-7166550335417977052</id><published>2007-11-27T10:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-27T14:09:25.297-08:00</updated><title type='text'>life is getting better,,,,</title><content type='html'>I got a nice song today, share it here. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mploADKBihc&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mploADKBihc&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/pn-4sHD5ZtY&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/pn-4sHD5ZtY&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zixg-vIQBLM&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zixg-vIQBLM&amp;rel=1&amp;border=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-7166550335417977052?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/7166550335417977052/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=7166550335417977052' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7166550335417977052'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7166550335417977052'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/life-is-changing-to-be-better.html' title='life is getting better,,,,'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-8217271114123196324</id><published>2007-11-21T16:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T16:20:46.710-08:00</updated><title type='text'>:) A REAL MAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ewy0wrkOfyg&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Ewy0wrkOfyg&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-8217271114123196324?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/8217271114123196324/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=8217271114123196324' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8217271114123196324'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8217271114123196324'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/real-man.html' title=':) A REAL MAN'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2422854459295787370</id><published>2007-11-21T14:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T14:59:25.668-08:00</updated><title type='text'>No title, No comments</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R0S4OIeBcoI/AAAAAAAAALU/zi9vqvHnTYw/s1600-h/Picture1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R0S4OIeBcoI/AAAAAAAAALU/zi9vqvHnTYw/s400/Picture1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5135432028040295042" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-2422854459295787370?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/2422854459295787370/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=2422854459295787370' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2422854459295787370'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2422854459295787370'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/no-title-no-comments.html' title='No title, No comments'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/R0S4OIeBcoI/AAAAAAAAALU/zi9vqvHnTYw/s72-c/Picture1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-4429303851331051082</id><published>2007-11-21T11:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-21T11:50:49.409-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The moon like the weather!</title><content type='html'>Nothing to say,,,,&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-4429303851331051082?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/4429303851331051082/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=4429303851331051082' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4429303851331051082'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/4429303851331051082'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/moon-like-weather.html' title='The moon like the weather!'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3818175910859257500</id><published>2007-11-20T16:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-20T16:16:36.540-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Ireland, Is there a dream of mine here?</title><content type='html'>I was already at Ireland for three days. I am thinging of if I made a correct decision as my foot loaded on Ireland. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although, I am ready for anything here when I was making the decision. I still need to know much about Ireland and fall in love with this country. The life style of this country. I have enough time to experience the different life at Ireland, and Europe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Do I have a dream here? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have the confidence, is there a way? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FIGHTING! NOTHING ELSE.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3818175910859257500?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3818175910859257500/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3818175910859257500' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3818175910859257500'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3818175910859257500'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/ireland-is-there-dream-of-mine-here.html' title='Ireland, Is there a dream of mine here?'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2486389039222699355</id><published>2007-11-16T23:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-17T00:30:27.298-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Is tonight the last night at Unite state?</title><content type='html'>Time was going so fast, and I already have stayed at Unite State for 16 monthes. Looking over the 16 monthes, so many things happened to me. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I got marry here.&lt;br /&gt;I have done great job here.&lt;br /&gt;I have made so many new friends here.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of important is that I have learned so much from Prof. A, and other friends here. Such as how to write an impressive paper, proposal. How to give a impressive presentation, all of which will be very benifit for my career in the future. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All of the help from my friends made all of these things happen here. Sincere thanks for every one, especially for Dr. A. Thanks for your giving me so much opportunities here, and also teaching me to do so many things. Eevery things happened here will be wonderful, unforgetable memories in my whole life.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am so happy there are so many friends attending my farewell party here, and I am also so appriciating the gifts from your guys. I like the red colour, the style of the T-shirt, and the sport cap with NC-State mark. Thank you, my friends, Hope all of us had wonderful life in the future and good advancement in the research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here comes some pictures from the farewell party. Enjoy it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6iroeBciI/AAAAAAAAAKk/vIihzQyf3f0/s1600-h/IMG_0475.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6iroeBciI/AAAAAAAAAKk/vIihzQyf3f0/s400/IMG_0475.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133719495730360866" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6mh4eBcnI/AAAAAAAAALM/o-_CELbTDBs/s1600-h/IMG_0497.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6mh4eBcnI/AAAAAAAAALM/o-_CELbTDBs/s400/IMG_0497.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133723726273147506" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6mK4eBcmI/AAAAAAAAALE/y2Obt3t2cfc/s1600-h/IMG_0498.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6mK4eBcmI/AAAAAAAAALE/y2Obt3t2cfc/s400/IMG_0498.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133723331136156258" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6k0YeBclI/AAAAAAAAAK8/c5A6qIeCig4/s1600-h/IMG_0485.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6k0YeBclI/AAAAAAAAAK8/c5A6qIeCig4/s400/IMG_0485.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133721845077471826" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6j4oeBckI/AAAAAAAAAK0/sL-RGMwCri4/s1600-h/IMG_0483.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6j4oeBckI/AAAAAAAAAK0/sL-RGMwCri4/s400/IMG_0483.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133720818580288066" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6jUIeBcjI/AAAAAAAAAKs/nl0ZQG5ALOc/s1600-h/IMG_0482.JPG"&gt;&lt;img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6jUIeBcjI/AAAAAAAAAKs/nl0ZQG5ALOc/s400/IMG_0482.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5133720191515062834" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-2486389039222699355?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/2486389039222699355/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=2486389039222699355' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2486389039222699355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2486389039222699355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/is-tonight-last-night-at-unite-state.html' title='Is tonight the last night at Unite state?'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rz6iroeBciI/AAAAAAAAAKk/vIihzQyf3f0/s72-c/IMG_0475.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6623148375812690662</id><published>2007-11-10T22:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-10T22:17:27.262-08:00</updated><title type='text'>When you say Nothing at all</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GT0QFM78fpo&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GT0QFM78fpo&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's amazing how you can speak right to my heartWithout saying a wordYou can light up the darkTry as I may I could never explainWhat I hear when you don't say a thing&lt;br /&gt;The smile on your faceLets me know that you need meThere's a truth in your eyesSaying you'll never leave meA touch of your hand saysYou'll catch me wherever I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at all&lt;br /&gt;All day long I can hear people talking aloudBut when you hold me nearYou drown out the crowdOld Mr. Webster could never defineWhat's been said between your heart and mine&lt;br /&gt;The smile on your faceLets me know that you need meThere's a truth in your eyesSaying you'll never leave meThe touch of your hand saysYou'll catch me wherever I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at all&lt;br /&gt;The smile on your faceLets me know that you need meThere's a truth in your eyesSaying you'll never leave meThe touch of your hand saysYou'll catch me wherever I fallYou say it best when you say nothing at all&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6623148375812690662?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6623148375812690662/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6623148375812690662' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6623148375812690662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6623148375812690662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/when-you-say-nothing-at-all.html' title='When you say Nothing at all'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-1264593030119777668</id><published>2007-11-09T08:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-09T08:51:38.065-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A beautiful gife for your lover</title><content type='html'>I find this link at one of my friend's QQ space occasionally. It is so beautiful and impressive. I recommend it to you strongly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your lover will be definitely happy with your gift.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.qfans.net/love/1/love_qs/love.htm"&gt;http://www.qfans.net/love/1/love_qs/love.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-1264593030119777668?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/1264593030119777668/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=1264593030119777668' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1264593030119777668'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/1264593030119777668'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/beautiful-gife-for-your-lover.html' title='A beautiful gife for your lover'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3401227172087058715</id><published>2007-11-05T14:49:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-05T15:20:28.513-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Jordan Lake, NC</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-lK4Wr9NI/AAAAAAAAAKc/D3RcahXPUE4/s1600-h/IMG_0448.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129500106943100114" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-lK4Wr9NI/AAAAAAAAAKc/D3RcahXPUE4/s320/IMG_0448.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-kzYWr9MI/AAAAAAAAAKU/jLmIM-jDKWs/s1600-h/IMG_0449.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129499703216174274" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-kzYWr9MI/AAAAAAAAAKU/jLmIM-jDKWs/s320/IMG_0449.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-kZ4Wr9LI/AAAAAAAAAKM/LoUl1FzOvvo/s1600-h/IMG_0422.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129499265129510066" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-kZ4Wr9LI/AAAAAAAAAKM/LoUl1FzOvvo/s320/IMG_0422.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-j_oWr9KI/AAAAAAAAAKE/tpY-vw028GU/s1600-h/IMG_0419.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129498814157943970" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-j_oWr9KI/AAAAAAAAAKE/tpY-vw028GU/s320/IMG_0419.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ja4Wr9JI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/_NpxoqJjdVo/s1600-h/IMG_0400.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129498182797751442" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ja4Wr9JI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/_NpxoqJjdVo/s320/IMG_0400.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-i_4Wr9II/AAAAAAAAAJ0/kTMs4V0MA9s/s1600-h/IMG_0397.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129497718941283458" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-i_4Wr9II/AAAAAAAAAJ0/kTMs4V0MA9s/s320/IMG_0397.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-iZYWr9HI/AAAAAAAAAJs/b8tEnhG_cMA/s1600-h/IMG_0396.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129497057516319858" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-iZYWr9HI/AAAAAAAAAJs/b8tEnhG_cMA/s320/IMG_0396.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-hqIWr9GI/AAAAAAAAAJk/1TaXSZ30YYk/s1600-h/IMG_0395.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129496245767500898" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-hqIWr9GI/AAAAAAAAAJk/1TaXSZ30YYk/s320/IMG_0395.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-gOYWr9FI/AAAAAAAAAJc/GDp52e8vgr8/s1600-h/IMG_0387.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129494669514503250" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-gOYWr9FI/AAAAAAAAAJc/GDp52e8vgr8/s320/IMG_0387.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ftoWr9EI/AAAAAAAAAJU/AUFv6l-FHLg/s1600-h/IMG_0380.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129494106873787458" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ftoWr9EI/AAAAAAAAAJU/AUFv6l-FHLg/s320/IMG_0380.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-fJIWr9DI/AAAAAAAAAJM/X59CfrvMd4o/s1600-h/IMG_0379.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129493479808562226" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-fJIWr9DI/AAAAAAAAAJM/X59CfrvMd4o/s320/IMG_0379.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ejYWr9CI/AAAAAAAAAJE/orgy5KzfdQI/s1600-h/IMG_0374.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5129492831268500514" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-ejYWr9CI/AAAAAAAAAJE/orgy5KzfdQI/s320/IMG_0374.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3401227172087058715?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3401227172087058715/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3401227172087058715' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3401227172087058715'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3401227172087058715'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/11/jordan-lake-nc.html' title='Jordan Lake, NC'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Ry-lK4Wr9NI/AAAAAAAAAKc/D3RcahXPUE4/s72-c/IMG_0448.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-156031807577707585</id><published>2007-10-24T19:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-25T11:57:29.920-07:00</updated><title type='text'>One Year Marriage Aniversery</title><content type='html'>小时候，学习成语，“时光如梭”“光阴似箭”不能完全理解其中的深刻含义。现在终于明白了。不知不觉中，已在美国呆了十五个月多了。今天，十月二十四号，我人生最重要的一天，也在美国度过.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;特发几张照片， 以次纪念。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/L8seTj0i4mY"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/L8seTj0i4mY" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Katy Says Today Is the Best Day of My Whole Entire Life&lt;br /&gt;Christine Lavin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This song always reminds me of Pound's Study in Aesthetics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Katy says "Today is the best day&lt;br /&gt;Of my whole entire life!"&lt;br /&gt;Katy is three years old.&lt;br /&gt;We've been dancin' in the living room&lt;br /&gt;To her new Tom Paxton record.&lt;br /&gt;Katy's got a lot of rhythm&lt;br /&gt;When she wiggles for a little kid;&lt;br /&gt;She's got soul.&lt;br /&gt;That night, when her mom and dad come home,&lt;br /&gt;I tell them what she said to me.&lt;br /&gt;I bet they'll think I'm some kind of&lt;br /&gt;Baby-sitting genius&lt;br /&gt;To make this little girl so darned happy.&lt;br /&gt;But they smile, and they say,&lt;br /&gt;"Don't take this the wrong way,&lt;br /&gt;But Katy said the same thing yesterday.&lt;br /&gt;Lately, she's been saying that every day."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think back to what I know&lt;br /&gt;As the best day of my life.&lt;br /&gt;It was wintertime ten years ago.&lt;br /&gt;We were stayin' at a farmhouse&lt;br /&gt;In the middle of Vermont.&lt;br /&gt;The hills were covered in Christmas trees&lt;br /&gt;And freshly fallen snow.&lt;br /&gt;Instantly I picture&lt;br /&gt;The vivid details of that day&lt;br /&gt;When you told me that you loved me more&lt;br /&gt;Than you could ever say.&lt;br /&gt;The air was a bracing cold,&lt;br /&gt;The sky a startled blue.&lt;br /&gt;Never before, or since,&lt;br /&gt;Have I felt that close to you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What does that say about you and me&lt;br /&gt;And the past ten years?&lt;br /&gt;I've learned to live with your silence.&lt;br /&gt;You've learned to overlook my tears.&lt;br /&gt;Now this dancing three year old&lt;br /&gt;In her simple, perfect way&lt;br /&gt;Has me questioning the basis for&lt;br /&gt;The life we live today.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Katy's probably sleeping now.&lt;br /&gt;I wonder if she dreams&lt;br /&gt;About flying with the angels&lt;br /&gt;Dancing with moonbeams.&lt;br /&gt;You are here beside me,&lt;br /&gt;You are snoring right out loud.&lt;br /&gt;I long to kiss you on the forehead&lt;br /&gt;And soothe your worried brow.&lt;br /&gt;Although we have not given up,&lt;br /&gt;It's been ages since we tried&lt;br /&gt;To reveal the aching passion&lt;br /&gt;That for years we pushed aside.&lt;br /&gt;I whisper that I love you,&lt;br /&gt;Because I know you cannot hear.&lt;br /&gt;I turn off the light, and in the dark,&lt;br /&gt;You gently pull me near.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Katy says "Today is the best day&lt;br /&gt;Of my whole entire life."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(From http://stuff.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/poetry/poems/katy.html)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125349944469484562" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmnoWr9BI/AAAAAAAAAI8/h6a7Dr37OTA/s320/IMG_2608.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmZIWr9AI/AAAAAAAAAI0/qsAfvoWGQUE/s1600-h/IMG_2616.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125349695361381378" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmZIWr9AI/AAAAAAAAAI0/qsAfvoWGQUE/s320/IMG_2616.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmO4Wr8_I/AAAAAAAAAIs/zjqvQkvxHMU/s1600-h/IMG_2618.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125349519267722226" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmO4Wr8_I/AAAAAAAAAIs/zjqvQkvxHMU/s320/IMG_2618.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmA4Wr8-I/AAAAAAAAAIk/7IpC8w9_yPM/s1600-h/IMG_2608.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125349278749553634" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmA4Wr8-I/AAAAAAAAAIk/7IpC8w9_yPM/s320/IMG_2608.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlvoWr89I/AAAAAAAAAIc/Vdm3GGUXcG4/s1600-h/IMG_2596.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348982396810194" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlvoWr89I/AAAAAAAAAIc/Vdm3GGUXcG4/s320/IMG_2596.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlkYWr88I/AAAAAAAAAIU/OaeNCPyzTMM/s1600-h/IMG_2599.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348789123281858" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlkYWr88I/AAAAAAAAAIU/OaeNCPyzTMM/s320/IMG_2599.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlaIWr87I/AAAAAAAAAIM/rjGOtE4oZXU/s1600-h/P1010184.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348613029622706" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlaIWr87I/AAAAAAAAAIM/rjGOtE4oZXU/s320/P1010184.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlPoWr86I/AAAAAAAAAIE/xk4DyzUSuV8/s1600-h/P1010182.JPG"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348432640996258" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlPoWr86I/AAAAAAAAAIE/xk4DyzUSuV8/s320/P1010182.JPG" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlGIWr85I/AAAAAAAAAH8/YqaBYBVfh1Y/s1600-h/IMG_0013.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348269432238994" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDlGIWr85I/AAAAAAAAAH8/YqaBYBVfh1Y/s320/IMG_0013.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDk9oWr84I/AAAAAAAAAH0/xE9s_DX59vk/s1600-h/IMG_0010.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125348123403350914" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDk9oWr84I/AAAAAAAAAH0/xE9s_DX59vk/s320/IMG_0010.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkpoWr83I/AAAAAAAAAHs/YJJJOTwGDxY/s1600-h/New+Pictures+065.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125347779805967218" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkpoWr83I/AAAAAAAAAHs/YJJJOTwGDxY/s320/New+Pictures+065.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkh4Wr82I/AAAAAAAAAHk/In0Ve0f-DxM/s1600-h/New+Pictures+063.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125347646661981026" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkh4Wr82I/AAAAAAAAAHk/In0Ve0f-DxM/s320/New+Pictures+063.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkX4Wr81I/AAAAAAAAAHc/4rvxl6Ggk0Y/s1600-h/New+Pictures+058.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125347474863289170" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkX4Wr81I/AAAAAAAAAHc/4rvxl6Ggk0Y/s320/New+Pictures+058.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkOIWr80I/AAAAAAAAAHU/w2GRySbKWP0/s1600-h/New+Pictures+054.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125347307359564610" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDkOIWr80I/AAAAAAAAAHU/w2GRySbKWP0/s320/New+Pictures+054.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-156031807577707585?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/156031807577707585/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=156031807577707585' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/156031807577707585'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/156031807577707585'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/one-year-marriage-aniversery.html' title='One Year Marriage Aniversery'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RyDmnoWr9BI/AAAAAAAAAI8/h6a7Dr37OTA/s72-c/IMG_2608.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-575241866634663628</id><published>2007-10-18T18:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-18T18:02:41.538-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Somewhere Out There</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/WU4a84auTCc"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/WU4a84auTCc" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I though it was about time to make a love song. SO I found Somewhere Out There by Linda Ronstadt and make another POTO video. Here are the lyrics.&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere out there,&lt;br /&gt;Beneath the pale moon night,&lt;br /&gt;Someone's thinking of me,&lt;br /&gt;And loving me tonight.&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere out there,&lt;br /&gt;Someone's saying a prayer,&lt;br /&gt;Then we'll find one another,&lt;br /&gt;In that big somewhere out there.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Chorus 1)&lt;br /&gt;And even though I know how very far apart we are,&lt;br /&gt;It helps to think we might be wishing&lt;br /&gt;On the same bright star,&lt;br /&gt;And when the night will start to sing&lt;br /&gt;A lonesome lullaby,&lt;br /&gt;It helps to think we're sleeping underneath the&lt;br /&gt;Same big sky.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Chorus 2)&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere out there,&lt;br /&gt;If love can see us through,&lt;br /&gt;Then, we'll be together,&lt;br /&gt;Somewhere out there, out where dreams, come true.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Repeat Chorus 1)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Repeat Chorus 2)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-575241866634663628?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/575241866634663628/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=575241866634663628' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/575241866634663628'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/575241866634663628'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/somewhere-out-there.html' title='Somewhere Out There'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6639983965897902121</id><published>2007-10-15T21:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-15T21:57:31.793-07:00</updated><title type='text'>隐形的翅膀，孤独中的坚强！</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/fgKmdoPljJc"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/fgKmdoPljJc" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;今天偶然之间在文学城的博客听到这首歌，觉得歌声好熟悉， 一查，原来自ANGELA, 仔细聆听，歌词好美，“每一次， 都在徘徊孤独中坚强” ，  这四年来，生活何尝不是这样，好希望， 有一天终于能看到所以梦想都开花。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; 特收集到这里行赏。&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6639983965897902121?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6639983965897902121/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6639983965897902121' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6639983965897902121'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6639983965897902121'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/angela.html' title='隐形的翅膀，孤独中的坚强！'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5737284725176828180</id><published>2007-10-10T11:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-10T11:40:19.771-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Surface chemistry wins Nobel Prize</title><content type='html'>The 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to German scientist Gerhard Ertl, on his 71st birthday. Ertl's groundbreaking research showed chemists it was possible to understand the fine details of what gas molecules do at the solid surfaces of metals. He worked out the role of metal catalysts in industrial reactions such as the making of artificial fertilizer. But he also pioneered the study of surfaces in many chemical processes: from ozone destruction in the atmosphere and cars' exhaust-cleaning catalytic converters, to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and materials for the electronics industry. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Ertl's lifelong work has lifted the subject of molecular chemistry at surfaces from alchemy to cutting edge 21st century science,' said Ortwin Hess of the University of Surrey, UK.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Well before Ertl was born, chemists knew solid surfaces were key to catalysing reactions: as far back as 1912, Paul Sabatier shared the Nobel Prize for using nickel to help hydrogenate organic compounds. But the precise details of how molecules and atoms interacted with a surface evaded scientists: they didn't have the technology to look closely enough. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Ertl's lifelong work has lifted the subject of molecular chemistry at surfaces from alchemy to cutting edge 21st century science"&lt;br /&gt;- Ortwin Hess&lt;br /&gt;In the 1960s, the right tools fell within reach, thanks to methods developed by the semiconductor industry, such as the ability to handle clean surfaces under almost perfect vacuum. An array of sophisticated techniques were developed by chemists, Ertl among them: injecting gas molecules onto surfaces and firing electrons, UV, infrared and x-rays at them in order to probe their structures using microscopy, spectroscopy and diffraction. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ertl began by looking at how hydrogen atoms were organised on the surface of metals such as palladium, platinum and nickel. In the 1980s he studied the Haber-Bosch process, where ammonia is made by nitrogen and hydrogen gas molecules reacting on an iron surface. Ertl explained that nitrogen molecules split apart into atoms on the surface; where the atoms were adsorbed; why potassium promoted the reaction, and the step-by-step mechanism of ammonia production. In doing so he laid down a model of how to unravel any solid-gas catalytic mechanism.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the 1980s and 90s Ertl tackled another classic reaction: how carbon monoxide is oxidised on a platinum surface to form carbon dioxide - one of the key reactions in the catalytic converter. This one was more complicated, since the kinetics of reaction were not dominated by one slow step. Again, he picked his way through a formidable series of methods to a comprehensive understanding; showing how molecules moved around on the platinum in complicated rhythms and patterns during the reaction.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ertl, now emeritus professor at Berlin's Fritz Haber Institute, part of the Max Planck Society, was delighted with his award. 'This is the best birthday present you can give to somebody,' he told the Swedish Academy of Sciences. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surface scientists were pleased with the recognition of their field, but at the same time surprised that other surface science pioneers, including David King, of Cambridge University, UK and Gabor Somorjai, of the University of California, Berkeley, had missed out. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'No doubt there will be disappointment in some quarters that the prize was not more widely shared,' said Andrea Sella, of University College London. But many surface scientists agreed with American Chemical Society President Katie Hunt: 'I am delighted that the prize recognizes a field of chemistry that often receives little public attention, and yet has transformed lives in so many ways.' &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(From http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2007/October/10100703.asp)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5737284725176828180?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5737284725176828180/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5737284725176828180' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5737284725176828180'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5737284725176828180'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/surface-chemistry-wins-nobel-prize.html' title='Surface chemistry wins Nobel Prize'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5642079895220421483</id><published>2007-10-09T18:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-09T19:14:52.726-07:00</updated><title type='text'>And a time to every purpose under heaven</title><content type='html'>When I heard this song today, which made me move, and like tell me something. Exactly, there is a time for everything around you. So whatever happened to you everytime, positive? negative? Face it and Enjoy it with a common sence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/aNopQq5lWqQ"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/aNopQq5lWqQ" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)&lt;br /&gt;The Byrds&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To everything - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;There is a season - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;And a time to every purpose under heaven&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A time to be born, a time to die&lt;br /&gt;A time to plant, a time to reap&lt;br /&gt;A time to kill, a time to heal&lt;br /&gt;A time to laugh, a time to weep&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有出生时，有死亡时&lt;br /&gt;有种植时，有收割时&lt;br /&gt;有杀戮时，有治愈时&lt;br /&gt;有欢笑时，有流泪时&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To everything - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;There is a season - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;And a time to every purpose under heaven&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A time to build up, a time to break down&lt;br /&gt;A time to dance, a time to mourn&lt;br /&gt;A time to cast away stones&lt;br /&gt;A time to gather stones together&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有建立时，有摧毁时&lt;br /&gt;有跳舞时，有忧伤时&lt;br /&gt;有抛弃石头时&lt;br /&gt;有收聚石头时&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To everything - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;There is a season - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;And a time to every purpose under heaven&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A time of love, a time of hate&lt;br /&gt;A time of war, a time of peace&lt;br /&gt;A time you may embrace&lt;br /&gt;A time to refrain from embracing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有热爱时，有痛恨时&lt;br /&gt;有战争时，有和平时&lt;br /&gt;有可能拥抱时&lt;br /&gt;有避免拥抱时&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To everything - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;There is a season - turn, turn, turn&lt;br /&gt;And a time to every purpose under heaven&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)&lt;br /&gt;天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A time to gain, a time to lose&lt;br /&gt;A time to rend, a time to sew&lt;br /&gt;A time for love, a time for hate&lt;br /&gt;A time for peace, I swear it's not too late!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;有收获时，有损失时&lt;br /&gt;有撕碎时，有缝合时&lt;br /&gt;有热爱时，有痛恨时&lt;br /&gt;有和平时，我敢说不会太迟了。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Byrds乐队的一首经典之作，曾经作为插曲出现在电影《阿甘正传》当中，歌名Turn! Turn! Turn!（To Everything There Is A Season）。To everything there is a season是宾，而turn turn turn是主，正如"诸行无常"中，"无常"为主一般。这首歌，说的也正是"诸行无常"的道理，非常切合电影的主题，无论是阿甘的一生，还是大背景的美国的那几十年，不都是在turn turn turn吗?&lt;br /&gt;(From http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=mysj&amp;MsgID=12091)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5642079895220421483?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5642079895220421483/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5642079895220421483' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5642079895220421483'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5642079895220421483'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/when-i-heard-this-song-today-which-made.html' title='And a time to every purpose under heaven'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-6138829229556889224</id><published>2007-10-09T09:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-09T09:15:31.650-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Giant magnetoresistance wins Nobel prize for physicists</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RwupAlhEJ2I/AAAAAAAAAHE/xuEvhFGRRfc/s1600-h/computer-hard-drive-250_tcm18-103368.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RwupAlhEJ2I/AAAAAAAAAHE/xuEvhFGRRfc/s320/computer-hard-drive-250_tcm18-103368.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5119371228972590946" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(From http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2007/October/09100703.asp)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Frenchman Albert Fert and German Peter Grünberg, for their discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The effect makes it possible to read densely-packed data storage devices, paving the way for today's tiny, high-capacity computer hard drives. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1988, Grünberg and Fert independently announced that thin multilayers of iron and chromium showed a huge change in electrical resistance when placed in magnetic fields. As both researchers quickly realised, the surprising effect meant that small magnetic changes in the materials greatly affected electron flow. The tool was perfect for reading data from hard disks, where information stored magnetically has to be converted to electric current. Grünberg quickly patented the discovery, and by 1997 the first read-out head based on GMR was launched by IBM.    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'It's probably the most rapidly-developed scientific discovery ever, in terms of technology - within 5 or 6 years of the initial discovery, researchers were looking at commercial production,' Mark Blamire, who works on magnetic devices at the University of Cambridge, UK, told Chemistry World.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hard drive&lt;br /&gt;The hard drive: less than a decade from pure science to global impact&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© Nobel Foundation&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Fert and Grünberg's original systems, a layer of non-magnetic chromium was sandwiched by layers of ferromagnetic iron. If the atomic spins in successive iron layers were oriented in the same direction, making the overall magnetisation of both layers parallel, electrons could also align their spins and pass through the material with little resistance. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But electrical resistance shot up when the second iron layer had its magnetisation aligned antiparallel to the first. That's because the electrons which had oriented their spins with one set of iron atoms were then scattered on encountering the next layer. Fert's team used a series of iron layers with alternating magnetisation, which strengthened the effect on electron flow. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This phenomenon - which Fert called giant magnetoresistance - provided a way to detect the magnetic field alignment of tiny segments of a magnetic disk, used to store bits of computer data. The giant magnetoresistive material in a read 'head', hovering over the spinning hard disk, has its magnetisation changed by the bits of data flying beneath it. This in turn alters the flow of electrical current through the read head, creating a relatively strong signal from a tiny magnetic field - and using smaller magnetic domains allows much denser data storage.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Chemical origins&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In GMR's wake has come a more sensitive effect called tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR), where an insulating material acts as the sandwich, which electrons can move through by quantum tunnelling. GMR also paved the way for a new field of electronics called spintronics, where an electron's spin - manipulated with magnetic fields - is used as the basic component of binary data. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fert and Grünberg's success rested on chemical techniques that allowed them to make thin layers of different materials. 'The discovery depended on the ability to grow and deposit metallic films at nanometre length scales with high precision,' said Blamire. In the laboratory, the scientists built up the layers by depositing atoms from low-pressure gases of iron and chromium; but the technology really took off commercially when IBM's Stuart Parkin achieved the same effect with industrial-scale sputtering techniques.    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'It serves as a timely reminder that important fundamental breakthroughs in physics can have long-lasting significance and that the results of research being undertaken now, in a wide range of areas, will no doubt be primary drivers in how we live and work in another thirty years' time,' said Peter Main, director of education and science at the Institute of Physics.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-6138829229556889224?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/6138829229556889224/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=6138829229556889224' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6138829229556889224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/6138829229556889224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/giant-magnetoresistance-wins-nobel.html' title='Giant magnetoresistance wins Nobel prize for physicists'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/RwupAlhEJ2I/AAAAAAAAAHE/xuEvhFGRRfc/s72-c/computer-hard-drive-250_tcm18-103368.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-5454829042485151511</id><published>2007-10-08T21:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-08T21:37:04.656-07:00</updated><title type='text'>2007 Nobel Prize In Physiology or Medicine</title><content type='html'>Excerpts: citation for 2007 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (From http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jpfSf4Cx9_Up-zIolY5rS2Ox1UXw)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11 hours ago&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Excerpts from the citation awarding the 2007 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine to U.S. citizens Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies and Briton Sir Martin Evans for groundbreaking discoveries that led to a technology known as gene targeting in mice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The process has helped scientists develop models on mice of the human disorders heart disease, diabetes and cancer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gene targeting is often used to inactivate single genes. Such gene "knockout" experiments have elucidated the roles of numerous genes in embryonic development, adult physiology, aging and disease. To date, more than 10,000 mouse genes (approximately half of the genes in the mammalian genome) have been knocked out. Ongoing international efforts will make "knockout mice" for all genes available within the near future.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With gene targeting it is now possible to produce almost any type of DNA modification in the mouse genome, allowing scientists to establish the roles of individual genes in health and disease. Gene targeting has already produced more than 500 different mouse models of human disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gene targeting has helped us understand the roles of many hundreds of genes in mammalian fetal development. Capecchi's research has uncovered the roles of genes involved in mammalian organ development and in the establishment of the body plan. His work has shed light on the causes of several human inborn malformations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evans applied gene targeting to develop mouse models for human diseases. He developed several models for the inherited human disease cystic fibrosis and has used these models to study disease mechanisms and to test the effects of gene therapy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Smithies also used gene targeting to develop mouse models for inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis and the blood disease thalassemia. He has also developed numerous mouse models for common human diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-5454829042485151511?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/5454829042485151511/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=5454829042485151511' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5454829042485151511'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/5454829042485151511'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/2007-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or.html' title='2007 Nobel Prize In Physiology or Medicine'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-7352384617861442160</id><published>2007-10-08T21:00:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-08T21:00:32.884-07:00</updated><title type='text'>What is the Nobel Prize</title><content type='html'>Nobel Prize&lt;br /&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;br /&gt;• Learn more about using Wikipedia for research •&lt;br /&gt;Jump to: navigation, search&lt;br /&gt;Nobel Prize&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Original design of Nobel Prize medal. ®© The Nobel Foundation.&lt;br /&gt;Awarded for  Outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine, and economics&lt;br /&gt;Presented by  Swedish Academy&lt;br /&gt;Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences&lt;br /&gt;Karolinska Institutet&lt;br /&gt;Norwegian Nobel Committee&lt;br /&gt;Country  Flag of Sweden Sweden&lt;br /&gt;First awarded  1901&lt;br /&gt;Official website&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriserna), as designated in Alfred Nobel's will in 1895, are awarded for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. A prize in economics in memory of Nobel was instituted by Sweden's central bank in 1968. The first five prizes were first awarded in 1901, while the first prize in economics was awarded in 1969. All six prizes are widely regarded as the supreme commendations in their subject areas. With the exception of the peace prize, which is handed out in Oslo, Norway, they are all handed out in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The process of selecting Nobel Laureates is made in a screening process: for the Memorial Prize in Economics, a committee comprising six members; for the Prize in Literature, a committee of five; for the other four Nobel Prizes, a committee comprising five members respectively. In its first stage, several thousand people are asked to nominate candidates. These names are scrutinized and discussed by experts in their specific disciplines until only the winners remain. This slow and thorough process, insisted upon by Alfred Nobel, is arguably what gives the prize its importance. Despite this, there have been questionable awards and questionable omissions over the prize's century-long history.&lt;br /&gt;Contents&lt;br /&gt;[hide]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * 1 Award ceremonies&lt;br /&gt;    * 2 Alfred Nobel's will&lt;br /&gt;    * 3 Nomination and selection&lt;br /&gt;          o 3.1 Recognition time lag&lt;br /&gt;    * 4 Controversies and criticisms&lt;br /&gt;          o 4.1 Overlooked achievements&lt;br /&gt;          o 4.2 Mathematics prize&lt;br /&gt;    * 5 Uniquely distinguished laureates&lt;br /&gt;    * 6 See also&lt;br /&gt;    * 7 Notes&lt;br /&gt;    * 8 External links&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Award ceremonies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The committees and institutions serving as selection boards for the Prizes typically announce the names of the laureates in October. The Prizes are then awarded at formal ceremonies held annually on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. The Nobel Banquet is the banquet that is held every year in Stockholm City Hall in connection with the Nobel Prize.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905-1946); the Aula of the University of Oslo (1947-1990); and most recently at the Oslo City Hall. As of 2005, the other Prize ceremonies have been held at the Stockholm Concert Hall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Each award can be given to a maximum of three recipients per year. Each consists of a gold medal; a diploma; the extension of Swedish citizenship; and a cash grant. The grant is currently approximately 10 million SEK, slightly more than €1 million (US$1.4 million). The original purpose of the grant was to fund laureates' further work, although nowadays many are retired at the time of award.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If there are two winners in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally amongst the recipients. If there are three, the awarding committee has the option of dividing the grant equally, or awarding one-half to one recipient, and one-quarter to each of the others. It is not uncommon for recipients to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural or humanitarian causes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1902, the King of Sweden has, with the exception of the Peace Prize, presented all the prizes in Stockholm. At first King Oscar II did not approve of awarding grand prizes to foreigners, but is said to have changed his mind once his attention had been drawn to the publicity value of the prizes for Sweden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until the Norwegian Nobel Committee was established in 1904, the President of Norwegian Parliament made the formal presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize. The Committee's five members are entrusted with researching and adjudicating the Prize as well as awarding it. Although appointed by the Norwegian Parliament (Stortinget), they are independent and answer to no legislative authority. Members of the Norwegian government are not permitted to sit on the Committee.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Alfred Nobel's will&lt;br /&gt;Alfred Nobel.&lt;br /&gt;Alfred Nobel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The five initial Prizes were instituted by the final will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and industrialist, who was the inventor of the high explosive dynamite. Though Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on November 27, 1895. Nobel's work had directly involved the creation of explosives, and he became increasingly uneasy with the military use of his inventions. It is said that this was motivated in part by his reading of a premature obituary of himself, published in error by a French newspaper on the occasion of the death of Nobel's brother Ludvig, and which condemned Nobel as a "merchant of death."[1] Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million Swedish Kroner, for the establishment of five prizes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    "The whole of my remaining realizable estate shall be dealt with in the following way:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work of an idealistic tendency; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical works by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, so that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    – Alfred Nobel[2]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, due to various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded on December 10, 1901.[3]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Nomination and selection&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Compared with some other prizes, the Prize nomination and selection process is long and rigorous. This is a key reason why the Prizes have grown in importance over the years to become the most important prizes in their field.[4]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Forms, which amount to a personal and exclusive invitation, are sent to about three thousand selected individuals to invite them to submit nominations. For the peace prize, inquiries are sent to such people as governments of states, members of international courts, professors and rectors at university level, former Peace Prize laureates, current or former members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, among others. The Norwegian Nobel Committee then bases its assessment on nominations sent in before 3rd of February.[5] The submission deadline for nominations for Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics is January 31.[6] Self-nominations and nominations of deceased people are disqualified.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Prize. Nomination records are sealed for fifty years. In practice some nominees do become known. It is also common for publicists to make such a claim, founded or not.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the deadline has passed, the nominations are screened by committee, and a list is produced of approximately two hundred preliminary candidates. This list is forwarded to selected experts in the relevant field. They remove all but approximately fifteen names. The committee submits a report with recommendations to the appropriate institution. The Assembly for the Medicine Prize, for example, has fifty members. The institution members then select prize winners by vote.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The selection process varies slightly between the different disciplines. The Literature Prize is rarely awarded to more than one person per year, whereas other Prizes now often involve collaborators of two or three.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While posthumous nominations are not permitted, awards can occur if the individual died in the months between the nomination and the decision of the prize committee. The scenario has occurred twice: The 1931 Literature Prize of Erik Axel Karlfeldt, and the 1961 Peace Prize to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld. As of 1974, laureates must be alive at the time of the October announcement. There has been one laureate—William Vickrey (1996, Economics)—who died after the prize was announced but before it could be presented.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Recognition time lag&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The interval between the accomplishment of the achievement being recognized and the awarding of the Nobel Prize for it varies from discipline to discipline. Prizes in Literature are typically awarded to recognize a cumulative lifetime body of work rather than a single achievement. In this case the notion of "lag" does not directly apply. Prizes in Peace, on the other hand, are often awarded within a few years of the events they recognize. For instance, Kofi Annan was awarded the 2001 Peace Prize just four years after becoming the Secretary-General of the UN.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Awards in the scientific disciplines of physics and chemistry require that the significance of achievements being recognized is "tested by time." In practice it means that the lag between the discovery and the award is typically on the order of 20 years and can be much longer. For example, 1/2 of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar for his work on stellar structure and evolution that was done during the 1930s. As a downside of this approach, not all scientists live long enough for their work to be recognized. Some important scientific discoveries are never considered for a Prize, as all the discoverers are dead by the time their impact is seen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Controversies and criticisms&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Main article: Nobel Prize controversies&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901, the proceedings, nominations, awardees and exclusions have generated criticism and engendered much controversy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Overlooked achievements&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times between 1937 and 1948 but never won it. Research indicates that it was likely the Authority would have given him the Prize in 1948, the year in which he was assassinated. The committee apparently considered a posthumous award but ultimately decided against it, instead choosing not to award the Nobel Peace Prize for that year.[7]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The strict rules against a Prize being awarded to more than three people at once is also a cause for controversy. Where a prize is awarded to recognise an achievement by a team of more than three collaborators, inevitably one or more will miss out. For example, in 2002, a Prize was awarded to Koichi Tanaka and John Fenn for the development of mass spectrometry in protein chemistry, an award that failed to recognise the achievements of Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas of the Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Frankfurt.[8]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Similarly, the prohibition of posthumous awards fails to recognise achievements by a collaborator who happens to die before the prize is awarded. Rosalind Franklin, who was key in the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, died of ovarian cancer in 1958, four years before Francis Crick, James D. Watson and Maurice Wilkins (one of Franklin's collaborators) were awarded the Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 1962.[9] Franklin's significant and relevant contribution was only briefly mentioned in Crick and Watson's Nobel Prize-winning paper: "We have also been stimulated by a knowledge of the general nature of the unpublished experimental results and ideas of Dr. M.H.F. Wilkins, Dr. R.E. Franklin, and co-workers..."[10]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In some cases, awards have arguably omitted similar discoveries made earlier. For example, the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the discovery and development of conductive organic polymers" (1977) ignored the much earlier discovery of highly-conductive charge transfer complex polymers: the 1963 series of papers by Weiss, et al. reported even higher conductivity in similarly iodine-doped oxidized polypyrrole.[11][12]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Mathematics prize&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are several possible reasons why Nobel did not create a prize for mathematics. Nobel's will speaks of prizes for those inventions or discoveries of greatest practical benefit to mankind, possibly having in mind practical rather than theoretical works. Because mathematics is not considered as practical a science as the others that are recognized, this would explain the lack of a mathematics prize.[13]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another possible reason is that there was already a well-known Scandinavian prize for mathematicians. The existing mathematical awards at the time were mainly due to the work of Gösta Mittag-Leffler, who founded the Acta Mathematica, a century later still one of the world's leading mathematical journals. Through his influence in Stockholm he persuaded King Oscar II to endow prize competitions and honor distinguished mathematicians all over Europe, including Hermite, Bertrand, Weierstrass, and Poincaré.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Myth has it that Nobel refused to endow a mathematics prize as his wife or his mistress had an affair with the mathematician Mittag-Leffler. However, this story is not supported by any historical evidence: Alfred Nobel never married.[14]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, some mathematicians have won the Nobel Prize in other fields: Bertrand Russell for literature (1950), Max Born and Walther Bothe for physics (1954). Still others have won the related Nobel Memorial prize in Economics: Kenneth Arrow (1972), Leonid Kantorovich (1975), John Forbes Nash (1994), Clive W. J. Granger (2003), Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling (2005)[15].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several prizes in Mathematics have similarities to the Nobel Prize. The Fields Medal is often described as the Nobel Prize of mathematics, but it differs in being awarded only once every four years to people under forty years old. A comparison may be made with the Crafoord Prize, awarded by the Swedish Royal Academy since 1982. Other comparable prizes are the Abel Prize, awarded by the Norwegian government as of 2001; the Shaw Prize in mathematical sciences given since 2004; and the Gauss Prize, first introduced by the International Mathematical Union and the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung at the 2006 International Congress of Mathematicians for practical and applied mathematics research.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[edit] Uniquely distinguished laureates&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the establishment of the Nobel Prize, four people have received two Nobel Prizes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Maria Skłodowska-Curie: in Physics 1903, for the discovery of radioactivity; and in Chemistry 1911, for the isolation of pure radium&lt;br /&gt;    * Linus Pauling: in Chemistry 1954, for the hybridized orbital theory; and Peace 1962, for nuclear test-ban treaty activism&lt;br /&gt;    * John Bardeen: in Physics 1956, for the invention of the transistor; and Physics 1972, for the theory of superconductivity&lt;br /&gt;    * Frederick Sanger: in Chemistry 1958, for structure of the insulin molecule; and in Chemistry 1980, for virus nucleotide sequencing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otto Heinrich Warburg could have been among them, but he was prevented by the Nazi government from accepting his second Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1944.[16]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a group, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times: in 1917, 1944, and 1963. The first two prizes were specifically in recognition of the group's work during the world wars. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has won the Peace Prize twice: in 1954 and 1981.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Curie family claim the most Nobel Prizes, with five:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Physics 1903 and Chemistry 1911&lt;br /&gt;    * Her husband Pierre Curie, Physics 1903&lt;br /&gt;    * Their daughter Irène Joliot-Curie, Chemistry 1935&lt;br /&gt;    * Their son in law Frederic Joliot-Curie, Chemistry 1935&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Furthermore, Henry Labouisse, the husband of the Curies' second daughter Ève, was the director of UNICEF when it won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;William Lawrence Bragg, who was only 25 when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics, is the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. Raymond Davis Jr., who was 87 when he won the 2002 Physics Prize, is the oldest.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-7352384617861442160?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/7352384617861442160/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=7352384617861442160' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7352384617861442160'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/7352384617861442160'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/what-is-nobel-prize.html' title='What is the Nobel Prize'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-385774109910959733</id><published>2007-10-08T18:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-08T20:58:09.214-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Nobel Prize Week</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rwr8SVhEJ1I/AAAAAAAAAG8/a3agFSjXllo/s1600-h/images1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rwr8SVhEJ1I/AAAAAAAAAG8/a3agFSjXllo/s320/images1.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5119181318403663698" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rwr8MVhEJ0I/AAAAAAAAAG0/snYeFV1s8cE/s1600-h/images.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rwr8MVhEJ0I/AAAAAAAAAG0/snYeFV1s8cE/s320/images.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5119181215324448578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Annually Nobel Prize winners will be disclosed at the following week. The pacemakers in science and literature will get their sovereign honour. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, what is the  Nobel Prize? what kind of work deserve the prize? This week I will lead you close the Nobel Prize.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-385774109910959733?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/385774109910959733/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=385774109910959733' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/385774109910959733'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/385774109910959733'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/nobel-prize-week.html' title='Nobel Prize Week'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_RwDLWfV2mcw/Rwr8SVhEJ1I/AAAAAAAAAG8/a3agFSjXllo/s72-c/images1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2449686853077165392</id><published>2007-10-07T20:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-07T20:38:14.712-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Forward step for transformation of hydrophilic to superhydrophobic feacture...</title><content type='html'>(From http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/31377)&lt;br /&gt;Nanowire coating repels water&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires coated with stearic acid are record breakers when it comes to superhydrophobicity, according to French scientists. Boasting contact angles as high as 176 °, the highly water-repellent structure is ideal for keeping surfaces clean.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The surface modification is stable over a wide pH range and has been tested up to 250 °C. In addition, the film's properties remain unchanged following six months of storage under ambient illumination.&lt;br /&gt;Contact angle measurement&lt;br /&gt;Contact angle measurement&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Electron microscopy shows that the film has two length scales – a common feature of hydrophobic surfaces and a property that is thought to trap large amounts of air within the structure. Measuring 3.5 µm in length and 160 nm in diameter, the wire-like ZnO structures terminate in a seemingly flat, but actually nano-roughened tip.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The double scale roughness we observed on the top of the wires and the hydrophobicity of the adsorbed stearic acid can be compared to the double scale roughness of the lotus leaf and its accompanying low surface energy waxy coating" Chantal Badre of CNRS told nanotechweb.org. "In our case, the superhydrophobic films are prepared in a very easy way and from a very low-cost compound."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Formed by electrodeposition, the as-deposited film is dipped in an ethanol solution of stearic acid for 24 hours to activate the superhydrophobic behaviour. Simple to make and affordable, the water-repellent coating is a strong candidate for commercialization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The group, which also includes scientists from Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, is considering various applications, such as easy to clean window glass and high-performance, anti-fog spectacles, and is keen to build links with industrial partners.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The researchers presented their work in Nanotechnology.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-2449686853077165392?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/2449686853077165392/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=2449686853077165392' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2449686853077165392'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/2449686853077165392'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/forward-step-for-transformation-of.html' title='Forward step for transformation of hydrophilic to superhydrophobic feacture...'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-8822331849327209517</id><published>2007-10-06T17:27:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-06T17:29:12.784-07:00</updated><title type='text'>China's classic music 高山流水</title><content type='html'>&lt;embed title="dvubb" style="FILTER: gray()" pluginspage="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/mediaplayer/download/default.asp" width="400" height="28" type="application/x-mplayer2" filename="http://www.gsxd.net.cn/html/gaoshanliushui.mp3" showdisplay="0" showcontrols="1" showstatusbar="0" showgotobar="0" autostart="TRUE" playcount="0" volume="0"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-8822331849327209517?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/8822331849327209517/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=8822331849327209517' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8822331849327209517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/8822331849327209517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/chinas-classic-music.html' title='China&apos;s classic music 高山流水'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-3275396992949266915</id><published>2007-10-06T15:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-06T15:25:13.210-07:00</updated><title type='text'>These English will help you a lot in a call</title><content type='html'>给刚来的老中绝对实用:用英语打电话N种说法篇&lt;br /&gt;实用英语&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;绝对实用：用英语打电话N 种说法篇&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1、打公用电话： &lt;br /&gt;1. I’m calling from a public phone, so I’ll call her again. &lt;br /&gt;2. I’m not at home now, so I’ll call her around three o’clock again. &lt;br /&gt;3. May I use your phone? &lt;br /&gt;4. Would you mind if I use your phone? &lt;br /&gt;5. How do I get an outside line? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;翻译&amp;解析： &lt;br /&gt;1. 我现在是打公用电话，我会再打给她。 &lt;br /&gt;2. 我现在不在家里，三点左右我会再打给她。 &lt;br /&gt;3. 我可以借您的电话用一下吗？ &lt;br /&gt;4. 你不介意我用你的电话吧？ &lt;br /&gt;5. 如何打外线？ &lt;br /&gt;解析：*1. public phone 是公用电话， pay phone 也是(投币式)公用电话；而公用电话亭则是telephone booth.*2. 在外打公用电话就表示无法让对方回电，所以通常会再告知下次联络时间或方式。*3. 有时找不到公用电话， 必要时需向商家借用电话，或者在别人的公司借电话时可用以上几句。*4. outside line 是“电话外线”，而extension 为电话（内线）分机。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2、打错电话： &lt;br /&gt;1. I’m sorry I have the wrong number. &lt;br /&gt;2. Is this 02-2718-5398? &lt;br /&gt;3. Sorry to have bothered you. &lt;br /&gt;4. I’m sorry. I think I must have dialed the wrong number. &lt;br /&gt;5. Could I check the number? Is it 2211-3344 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;翻译&amp;解析 &lt;br /&gt;1. 抱歉我打错电话了。 （打错电话通常用：have the wrong number 表示） &lt;br /&gt;2. 这里是02-2718-5398吗？ &lt;br /&gt;3. 很抱歉打扰你了。 &lt;br /&gt;4. 很抱歉。我想我一定是打错电话了。 &lt;br /&gt;5. 我可以核对一下电话号码吗？是不是2211-3344？ &lt;br /&gt;解析：1. 区域号码是 area code2. 电话号码的念法： 02-2211-3224念成：area code zero-two, two-two-one-one-three-two-two-four.* 0 可念成 oh 或 zero* 22 可念成 two-two 或 double two &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3、抱歉这么晚打来的说法： &lt;br /&gt;1. I’m sorry to call you so late. 对不起这么晚打电话来。 &lt;br /&gt;2. I hope I didn’t catch you at a bad time. 抱歉这种时候找你。（含有希望没有打扰到你的意思） &lt;br /&gt;3. I hope I didn’t wake you up so early. 我希望这么早没有吵到你。 &lt;br /&gt;4. I’m sorry to call you so early. 对不起这么早打电话来。 &lt;br /&gt;5. I’m sorry to bother you at this hour. 很抱歉在这时打扰你。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4、有急事时的表达方法： &lt;br /&gt;1. It’s urgent. Could I have her mobilephone number? 我有急事，可不可以告诉我她的手机号码？ &lt;br /&gt;2. Could you tell me where I can reach her? 能不能告诉我在哪里可以找到她？ &lt;br /&gt;3. This is an emergency. I need to get in contact with him right now. 能不能告诉我在哪里可以找到他。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5、若对方不在的说法： &lt;br /&gt;1. It’s nothing important. 没什么重要事。 &lt;br /&gt;2. It’s nothing urgent. Thank you ,good-bye. 没什么要紧事，谢谢您，再见。 &lt;br /&gt;3. I’ll call her again. 我会再打给她。 &lt;br /&gt;4. I’ll call back later. 我稍后会再打来。 &lt;br /&gt;5. Please ask Miss Chen to call me back. 请陈小姐给我回电话。 &lt;br /&gt;6. Could you tell her to call Carol as soon as possible? 能不能请她尽快打电话给卡洛？ &lt;br /&gt;7. Ask her to call Carol at home after seven, please. 麻烦她在七点后打电话到卡洛家。 &lt;br /&gt;8. Can I leave a message? 我可以留言吗？ &lt;br /&gt;9. Please have her return my call.请她回电话给我。 &lt;br /&gt;10. Could you ask him to to call me back? 可以请他给我回电话吗？ &lt;br /&gt;11. Please tell her Carol called. 请告诉她卡洛找她。 &lt;br /&gt;12. Let me call back later again. Thank you. 我稍后再打电话来。谢谢你。 &lt;br /&gt;13. Please tell him to phone 2233-4455. 请他给2233-4455回电话. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6、电话答录机: &lt;br /&gt;1This is a recording. I’m not at home now. Please leave a message after the beep. Thank you.这是电话答录机。我现在不在家，请在哔的一声之后开始留言。谢谢！ &lt;br /&gt;(*: 电话答录机 是 telephone answering machine) &lt;br /&gt;2This is Carol. Pleae give me a call when you are free. My number is 2244-6688.我是卡洛。有空请回电话给我。我的号码是2244-6688. &lt;br /&gt;对电话答录机留话时与一般留言无异，说出以下重点即可： &lt;br /&gt;1. 来电者姓名 &lt;br /&gt;2. 来电时间 &lt;br /&gt;3. 来电目的 &lt;br /&gt;4. 联络电话或方式 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7、订购商品及询问： &lt;br /&gt;1. I’d like to place an order for your party dress from your catalog. &lt;br /&gt;2. May I order some flowers? &lt;br /&gt;3. How can I pay for this item? &lt;br /&gt;4. I’d like to buy the car on your TV commercial. &lt;br /&gt;5. Please send me your catalogue. &lt;br /&gt;6. Do you have any life Menu Magazine tenin stock? &lt;br /&gt;7. How long will it arrive? &lt;br /&gt;8. The Product you sent to me is not what I ordered. &lt;br /&gt;9. I’m calling about an order I placed a month ago. It hasn’t arrived yet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;翻译&amp;解析 &lt;br /&gt;1.我想要订你们目录上的晚礼服。 &lt;br /&gt;2.我可以订些花吗？ &lt;br /&gt;3.我要怎么付款？ &lt;br /&gt;4.我想要买你们电视广告上的汽车。 &lt;br /&gt;5.请寄目录给我。 &lt;br /&gt;6.你们第十期的“生活菜单”还有存货吗？ &lt;br /&gt;7.需要多久才会送到呢？ &lt;br /&gt;8.你们送来的产品不是我订的东西. &lt;br /&gt;9. 我打电话是因为一个月前我订的东西。产品到现在都还没到。 &lt;br /&gt;解析： &lt;br /&gt;1. 现在电话或网络订购在国内也很流行，即使是人在国内你也可以订购外国目录上的产品。但在打电话前一定要先记下商品的型号及尺寸，以节省通话时间。 &lt;br /&gt;2. commercial有(电视、广播中的)商业广告之意，也可说成commercial film, 简称为c.f. 。而advertisement则指(平面的)广告，简称为ad; advertisement mail 是广告邮件； advertisement column是广告栏，这些都是很常用到的。 &lt;br /&gt;3. place 有开出订单之意。ie: to place an order with sb. (和某人订订单) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8、道谢接受别人的礼物或招待后，打电话道谢为最起码的礼貌之一： &lt;br /&gt;1. Thank you for the present. It’s just what I wanted. &lt;br /&gt;2. Thank you so much for the homemade cake. &lt;br /&gt;3. I don’t know how to thank you for such a beautiful flower. &lt;br /&gt;4. I received your gift. Thank you for the lovely bracelet. &lt;br /&gt;翻译： &lt;br /&gt;1. 谢谢你的礼物，这正是我想要的。 &lt;br /&gt;2. 非常谢谢你作的蛋糕。 &lt;br /&gt;3. 真不知道要如何谢谢你， 这么漂亮的花。 &lt;br /&gt;4. 我收到你的礼物了。谢谢你可爱的手镯。 &lt;br /&gt;当在回答他人的致谢时，可以说下面的句子，都有 别客气 的意思：1. You’re welcome.别客气。2. Not at all.这没什么。3. It’s my pleasure.这是我的荣幸。4. Don’t mention it.别放在心上。5. That’s all right.这没什么。6.No trouble at all.一点也不麻烦。7.I’m gload you enjoyed it.真高兴你觉得满意。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9、听不清楚： &lt;br /&gt;1. Sorry, I didn’t catch you.对不起，我听不懂你说的。 &lt;br /&gt;2. Sorry, I didn’t understand. 抱歉，我听不懂。 &lt;br /&gt;3. Sorry, I didn’t get what you said. 对不起，我没听懂你说的话。 &lt;br /&gt;4. I can’t hear you very well. 我听不太清楚。 &lt;br /&gt;5. I can barely hear you. 我几乎听不到你说的。6. I’m having trouble hearing you. 我听不清楚。 &lt;br /&gt;7. We have a bad connection. 通讯效果不太好。8. I can’t catch what you are saying. 我听不太清楚你说的话。 &lt;br /&gt;发生上面的情况，你可以请对方在重复一遍，你可以说： &lt;br /&gt;1. Pardon?请再说一遍好吗？ &lt;br /&gt;2. Excuse me? 请再说一遍？上列两句都是对不起之意，但用在会话上，如果后面没有接说明，并且语尾上扬，就是要对方再说一次。听到这句话时就要知道对方要自己再说一遍。 &lt;br /&gt;3. I beg you pardon? 能请你再说一遍吗？（此句有请求对方原谅及再说一次的意思） &lt;br /&gt;4. Could you repeat that, please? 能请你再说一遍吗？ &lt;br /&gt;5. Would you say that again? 你能再说一遍吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10、请对方说慢点的说法： &lt;br /&gt;1. Would you speak more slowly? 你能再说慢一点吗？ &lt;br /&gt;2. Could you speak up a little? 你能在大声一点吗？（speak up 大声说=speak out） &lt;br /&gt;3. Would you speak more clearly? 你能再说清楚一点吗？ &lt;br /&gt;4. Would you explain more for me? 可以为我解释一遍吗？ &lt;br /&gt;5. Please speak a little louder. 请讲大声一点。 &lt;br /&gt;6. Would you slow down, please?清说慢一点好吗？ &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11、工作活用篇帮忙转分机： &lt;br /&gt;1. may i have extension two-one-one? &lt;br /&gt;2. can i have extension two-one-one, please? &lt;br /&gt;3. may i speak to david, extension tow-one-one? &lt;br /&gt;4. extension two-one-one, please. &lt;br /&gt;5. please connect me with extension two-one-one. &lt;br /&gt;6. could you put me through to the personnel department, please? &lt;br /&gt;翻译：***通常句子都是越长越礼貌，太简短会让人有鲁莽的感觉。 &lt;br /&gt;1. 能帮我转分机211？ &lt;br /&gt;2. 能帮我转分机211吗？ &lt;br /&gt;3. 我可以找211分机的大卫吗？ &lt;br /&gt;4. 请转211。 &lt;br /&gt;5. 请帮我转分机211。 &lt;br /&gt;6. 请帮我接人事部好吗？&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;来源: 实用英语&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2016340425525249101-3275396992949266915?l=sea-language.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/feeds/3275396992949266915/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2016340425525249101&amp;postID=3275396992949266915' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3275396992949266915'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2016340425525249101/posts/default/3275396992949266915'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://sea-language.blogspot.com/2007/10/these-english-will-help-you-lot-in-call.html' title='These English will help you a lot in a call'/><author><name>Sea_Prince</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03151704592976989569</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2016340425525249101.post-2959666123506655557</id><published>2007-10-06T15:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-06T15:21:38.949-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Do you know these dailly used 200 English sentences?</title><content type='html'>1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking. &lt;br /&gt;依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. &lt;br /&gt;最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. &lt;br /&gt;没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. &lt;br /&gt;人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. &lt;br /&gt;越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. &lt;br /&gt;说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. &lt;br /&gt;许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. &lt;br /&gt;应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. &lt;br /&gt;越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重奈侍猓?穹缸锖吐粢??font color=E6E6DD&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. &lt;br /&gt;许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. &lt;br /&gt;无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. &lt;br /&gt;一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 &lt;br /&gt;12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. &lt;br /&gt;一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price. &lt;br /&gt;任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus. &lt;br /&gt;当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. &lt;br /&gt;考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets. &lt;br /&gt;大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure. &lt;br /&gt;无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. &lt;br /&gt;尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life. &lt;br /&gt;没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer. &lt;br /&gt;人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. &lt;br /&gt;在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself. &lt;br /&gt;事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. &lt;br /&gt;我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. &lt;br /&gt;人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;26. The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think. &lt;br /&gt;从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation. &lt;br /&gt;现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore. &lt;br /&gt;这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons: &lt;br /&gt;我同意后者，有如下理由： &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides. &lt;br /&gt;在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people. &lt;br /&gt;这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society. &lt;br /&gt;尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. &lt;br /&gt;环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before. &lt;br /&gt;考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people's physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams. &lt;br /&gt;使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem. &lt;br /&gt;尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;37. Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort. &lt;br /&gt;在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society. &lt;br /&gt;通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study. &lt;br /&gt;当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;40. This issue has caused wide public concern. &lt;br /&gt;这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself. &lt;br /&gt;必须指出学习只能靠自己。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life. &lt;br /&gt;许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;43. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons: &lt;br /&gt;就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因： &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate. &lt;br /&gt;人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person. &lt;br /&gt;即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades. &lt;br /&gt;人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. &lt;br /&gt;现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college. &lt;br /&gt;一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement. &lt;br /&gt;对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。 &lt;br /&gt;50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn. &lt;br /&gt;对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job. &lt;br /&gt;对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks. &lt;br /&gt;通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day. &lt;br /&gt;近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life. &lt;br /&gt;因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole. &lt;br /&gt;通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. &lt;br /&gt;现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious. &lt;br /&gt;人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them. &lt;br /&gt;同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily. &lt;br /&gt;没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position. &lt;br /&gt;第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. &lt;br /&gt;成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family. &lt;br /&gt;根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing. &lt;br /&gt;通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years. &lt;br /&gt;近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism. &lt;br /&gt;许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history. &lt;br /&gt;但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;67. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons: &lt;br /&gt;就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下： &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. &lt;br /&gt;另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism. &lt;br /&gt;由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years. &lt;br /&gt;近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world. &lt;br /&gt;这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up. &lt;br /&gt;许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom. &lt;br /&gt;首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life. &lt;br /&gt;孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities. &lt;br /&gt;第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing. &lt;br /&gt;当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness. &lt;br /&gt;而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school. &lt;br /&gt;通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. &lt;br /&gt;任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier. &lt;br /&gt;现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children. &lt;br /&gt;父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home. &lt;br /&gt;然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools. &lt;br /&gt;尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents' desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. &lt;br /&gt;通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole. &lt;br /&gt;应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth. &lt;br /&gt;只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;87. But is it really the case? The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority. &lt;br /&gt;这是真的吗？这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction. &lt;br /&gt;那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。 &lt;br /&gt;89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water. &lt;br /&gt;然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people's life and economic growth. &lt;br /&gt;通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it. &lt;br /&gt;那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world. &lt;br /&gt;农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills. &lt;br /&gt;一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation. &lt;br /&gt;必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts. &lt;br /&gt;尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems. &lt;br /&gt;许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas. &lt;br /&gt;建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平；应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。 &lt;br /&gt;98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price. &lt;br /&gt;总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem. &lt;br /&gt;尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus. &lt;br /&gt;我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;101. In addition to the obvious problem--loneliness, another major obstacle, in my opinion, is the alien environment of campus. &lt;br /&gt;除了孤独这一明显的问题之外，我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;102. Freshmen often get lost on campus; fail to find the way to dormitory or library. &lt;br /&gt;新生常常在校园迷路，不知道去宿舍或图书馆该怎么走。 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;103. Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn't catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious mental disease. &lt;br /&gt;更重要的是，离开了家乡和父
