And a time to every purpose under heaven

When I heard this song today, which made me move, and like tell me something. Exactly, there is a time for everything around you. So whatever happened to you everytime, positive? negative? Face it and Enjoy it with a common sence.





Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)
The Byrds


To everything - turn, turn, turn
There is a season - turn, turn, turn
And a time to every purpose under heaven

对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)
都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)
天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。

A time to be born, a time to die
A time to plant, a time to reap
A time to kill, a time to heal
A time to laugh, a time to weep

有出生时，有死亡时
有种植时，有收割时
有杀戮时，有治愈时
有欢笑时，有流泪时

To everything - turn, turn, turn
There is a season - turn, turn, turn
And a time to every purpose under heaven

对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)
都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)
天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。

A time to build up, a time to break down
A time to dance, a time to mourn
A time to cast away stones
A time to gather stones together

有建立时，有摧毁时
有跳舞时，有忧伤时
有抛弃石头时
有收聚石头时

To everything - turn, turn, turn
There is a season - turn, turn, turn
And a time to every purpose under heaven

对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)
都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)
天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。

A time of love, a time of hate
A time of war, a time of peace
A time you may embrace
A time to refrain from embracing

有热爱时，有痛恨时
有战争时，有和平时
有可能拥抱时
有避免拥抱时

To everything - turn, turn, turn
There is a season - turn, turn, turn
And a time to every purpose under heaven

对于任何事物(-转变，转变，转变)
都有对应的季节(-转变，转变，转变)
天下的任何事情，都有对应的时间。

A time to gain, a time to lose
A time to rend, a time to sew
A time for love, a time for hate
A time for peace, I swear it's not too late!

有收获时，有损失时
有撕碎时，有缝合时
有热爱时，有痛恨时
有和平时，我敢说不会太迟了。

The Byrds乐队的一首经典之作，曾经作为插曲出现在电影《阿甘正传》当中，歌名Turn! Turn! Turn!（To Everything There Is A Season）。To everything there is a season是宾，而turn turn turn是主，正如"诸行无常"中，"无常"为主一般。这首歌，说的也正是"诸行无常"的道理，非常切合电影的主题，无论是阿甘的一生，还是大背景的美国的那几十年，不都是在turn turn turn吗?
(From http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=mysj&MsgID=12091)

Giant magnetoresistance wins Nobel prize for physicists

(From http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2007/October/09100703.asp)

The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Frenchman Albert Fert and German Peter Grünberg, for their discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The effect makes it possible to read densely-packed data storage devices, paving the way for today's tiny, high-capacity computer hard drives.

In 1988, Grünberg and Fert independently announced that thin multilayers of iron and chromium showed a huge change in electrical resistance when placed in magnetic fields. As both researchers quickly realised, the surprising effect meant that small magnetic changes in the materials greatly affected electron flow. The tool was perfect for reading data from hard disks, where information stored magnetically has to be converted to electric current. Grünberg quickly patented the discovery, and by 1997 the first read-out head based on GMR was launched by IBM.

'It's probably the most rapidly-developed scientific discovery ever, in terms of technology - within 5 or 6 years of the initial discovery, researchers were looking at commercial production,' Mark Blamire, who works on magnetic devices at the University of Cambridge, UK, told Chemistry World.



Hard drive
The hard drive: less than a decade from pure science to global impact

© Nobel Foundation


In Fert and Grünberg's original systems, a layer of non-magnetic chromium was sandwiched by layers of ferromagnetic iron. If the atomic spins in successive iron layers were oriented in the same direction, making the overall magnetisation of both layers parallel, electrons could also align their spins and pass through the material with little resistance.

But electrical resistance shot up when the second iron layer had its magnetisation aligned antiparallel to the first. That's because the electrons which had oriented their spins with one set of iron atoms were then scattered on encountering the next layer. Fert's team used a series of iron layers with alternating magnetisation, which strengthened the effect on electron flow.

This phenomenon - which Fert called giant magnetoresistance - provided a way to detect the magnetic field alignment of tiny segments of a magnetic disk, used to store bits of computer data. The giant magnetoresistive material in a read 'head', hovering over the spinning hard disk, has its magnetisation changed by the bits of data flying beneath it. This in turn alters the flow of electrical current through the read head, creating a relatively strong signal from a tiny magnetic field - and using smaller magnetic domains allows much denser data storage.



Chemical origins

In GMR's wake has come a more sensitive effect called tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR), where an insulating material acts as the sandwich, which electrons can move through by quantum tunnelling. GMR also paved the way for a new field of electronics called spintronics, where an electron's spin - manipulated with magnetic fields - is used as the basic component of binary data.

Fert and Grünberg's success rested on chemical techniques that allowed them to make thin layers of different materials. 'The discovery depended on the ability to grow and deposit metallic films at nanometre length scales with high precision,' said Blamire. In the laboratory, the scientists built up the layers by depositing atoms from low-pressure gases of iron and chromium; but the technology really took off commercially when IBM's Stuart Parkin achieved the same effect with industrial-scale sputtering techniques.

'It serves as a timely reminder that important fundamental breakthroughs in physics can have long-lasting significance and that the results of research being undertaken now, in a wide range of areas, will no doubt be primary drivers in how we live and work in another thirty years' time,' said Peter Main, director of education and science at the Institute of Physics.